<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608</id><updated>2012-01-14T22:36:15.903-08:00</updated><title type='text'>michigan painting</title><subtitle type='html'>Michigan Painting Contractors Oakland County Mi Painting Contractor</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-1968382356558578699</id><published>2012-01-14T21:44:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-14T22:34:39.337-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Michigan Painting Contractors</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 class="post-title entry-title"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.paintermichigan.com/2011/02/eastpointe-painting-contractor.html"&gt;Michigan Painters (248) 787-0963&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class="post-header"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="post-body entry-content"&gt; &lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc&lt;/a&gt; is a local Michigan Painting and Drywall Contractor  with over 15 years experience, located in the &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;West Bloomfield, Oakland County Michigan area&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;.  We provide our services to the Metro Detroit, Oakland County, Macomb County and Wayne County areas of Michigan. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We provide quality &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;residential, industrial and commercial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; interior and exterior painting, drywall installation, drywall finishing, drywall repairs along with other &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;remodeling and restoration services&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="tr-caption-container" style="float:left;margin-right:1em;text-align:left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-omfkwXBqsyg/TxCngc3sveI/AAAAAAAAAOc/EGuanxDKP9M/s1600/Custom+Interior+Painting+in+Oakland+County+Mi..jpg" style="clear:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"&gt;&lt;img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-omfkwXBqsyg/TxCngc3sveI/AAAAAAAAAOc/EGuanxDKP9M/s1600/Custom+Interior+Painting+in+Oakland+County+Mi..jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align:center"&gt;Interior Living room painted in Mi.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="tr-caption-container" style="float:right;margin-left:1em;text-align:right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sn6M7KA-KA0/TxCouEQQpUI/AAAAAAAAAOk/FOiPbZ3US2E/s1600/interior-house-painting3.jpg" style="clear:right;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sn6M7KA-KA0/TxCouEQQpUI/AAAAAAAAAOk/FOiPbZ3US2E/s320/interior-house-painting3.jpg" width="320" border="0" height="156" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align:center"&gt;Michigan Custom Interior Painting&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We pride ourselves on attention to detail and custom quality  work so  you can rest assure that the ending results of anything we touch  will  be as good as gold! &lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;If you're looking for reliable and quality workmanship in the South East region of Michigan, call 248-787-0963  &lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;Custom Painting for the Quality Conscious Business and Homeowner's&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Premium Grade Coatings Used&lt;br /&gt;• Thorough Surface Preparation&lt;br /&gt;• Fully Insured&lt;br /&gt;• Quality Guaranteed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For a free estimate and other services, please contact us at (248) 787-0963&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="Times New Roman&amp;quot;,seriffont-family:Georgia,&amp;quot;;" &gt;Do  you live in Michigan or are you doing Business in Michigan? Are you in  need of a Reliable and Quality Painting and Drywall Contractor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;We focus on individual service and attention to detail that produces dramatic results in a personal, &lt;b&gt;professional and cost-effective&lt;/b&gt; manner. We take great pride in our ability to provide professional service and efficient completion of all our project needs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;Within the many years of experience  that Golden Touch Painting and Drywall has had in the  commercial,  industrial and residential areas of interior and exterior painting,   drywall hanging, drywall finishing, carpentry, and many other remodeling  and restoration services in  the &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt;  area, our team of precision quality interior painters, exterior  painters, drywall  hangers, drywall finishers and carpenters can take  care of almost any situation  within these fields of operation! From a  straightforward paint job to  a complete renovation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:left"&gt;We  have been contracted to paint, remodel or  restore nearly every type of  structure, be it a restaurant, an historic property, an apartment  complex, a Home Owners Association, a custom home, a place of  business,  an entire commercial office complex or an industrial site, we've done  it all. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc is a company who has worked hard  to earn a reputation for our quality  craftsmanship and we look forward  to showing the residents of Oakland  County Michigan that it is well  deserved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Let us restore and keep the value of your home or place of business! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oakland County Michigan's Golden Touch Painting and Drywall  Company  understands that your home or business can be one of your  most valuable  assets, so we strive to make the finished product  something that helps  retain its value for decades to come. Our friendly  and respectful  staff will treat your house or place of business like it  was their own  and our crews are trained to be responsive and hassle-free  when dealing  with clients.  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We do our best to try to give you your  privacy while we work and  will be more than happy to thoroughly answer  any questions you may have&lt;/b&gt;.  Our quotation process is simple, without  convoluted processes and  fees. Step by step, Golden touch Painting and  Drywall experts will walk  you through your home or place of business to  understand the precise  needs of each individual room for any interior remodeling questions and  inspect every curve and nook on the outside for exterior  work. &lt;b&gt;Golden  Touch Painting and Drywall's thorough and experienced  Michigan  painting and drywall staff will make sure your home or  businesses  painting project, remodeling project or restoration project  is  complete, on-budget and on-time!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;It is important to us to build a strong  relationship with you the  communities, business owners, home owners and contractors  which we  serve. It's our goal to leave every customer satisfied,  wanting to use  us for many years to come and also recommend us to  others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whether you're a perfectionist looking for the best quality custom work or a &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;Realtor&lt;/a&gt;  simply looking to quickly fix up a property, you can assure Golden  Touch Painting and Drywall Inc will provide the necessary services you  need with golden results. We strive to be one of Michigan's leading  interior and exterior painting, drywall, and carpentry companies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Are you looking for Professionalism?  Well you found it!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall's   team of qualified professionals undergo thorough training in advanced   painting, drywall and carpentry techniques and safety operations. Our   staff has a positive and helpful approach towards answering customers'   questions and addressing your needs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Attention to &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;detail and custom  finishes&lt;/a&gt;  are our priorities. The most important part of a top-quality  paint job  is not just the painting, it is the preparation before paint  is  applied. Remember that paint is only as good as the surface it goes  on.  We take meticulous care in surface preparation and selection of   outstanding surfacing materials and finishes in which we use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Believe   it or not but carpentry, drywall and painting all deal with one   another, each depending on the other to look there best, so when you   have the best experts in each one of the field's putting together top   quality work, you can bet on a &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;A1 top notch quality&lt;/a&gt; job being performed,  and that's what Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc delivers to all  of our customers.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall   recognizes the importance of providing our services at times that are   convenient and necessary to you. Therefore, &lt;b&gt;we provide crews on off-hours and weekends so our work will not interfere with your normal day-to-day operations and business.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;For   our employees, we encourage the free exchange of ideas and provide   opportunities for training, employment, career advancement, and economic   security fairly and equally to all who would apply themselves, as well   as to provide a safe working environment by establishing good safety   practices in compliance with current federal, state and local laws.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michigan's Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc. is a group of  painting, drywall and carpentry craftsman devoted to expanding painting,  drywall and carpentry knowledge, and to &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;preserve and beautify Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt; and the surrounding areas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please do not get us mixed up with your regular ordinary handyman  service or other painting contractors in the Michigan area, because all  of the individuals that work for &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc&lt;/a&gt;  are professional and reliable craftsman, each specializing in there own  field of operations with many years of experience under there belts.  For instance, we have certain painters who are more knowledgeable and  experienced dealing with &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;high end residential custom repaints&lt;/a&gt;,  also we have other professional painters who are more experienced with  commercial painting aspects, others who are more experienced with  interior painting, and others who are more experienced with exterior  painting and the same goes for our drywall crews and carpentry crews.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So whatever your needs might be, you can rest assure that &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc of West Bloomfield&lt;/a&gt;  Oakland County Michigan will provide you with the best qualified  professionals, performing the best quality work and craftsmanship  available each in there own fields of operation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt; Specials:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;15% off- complete repaints of Residential Exteriors to the first 20 customers to sign up for the spring and summer 2011 season.&lt;br /&gt;10% off- complete repaints of Residential interiors (Dec. – Apr.&lt;br /&gt;Multiple room discounts, Realtor discounts&lt;br /&gt;Referral bonuses&lt;br /&gt;Preferred customer discounts&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;We are happy to provide our  Interior and Exterior Painting, drywall and carpentry services to all of  these communities and cities in the Oakland, Macomb &amp;amp; Wayne  Counties of Michigan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt;,  Addison Township 48367, Addison Twp 48367, Auburn Hills 48321, Auburn  Hills 48326, Berkley 48072, Beverly Hills 48025, Bingham Farms 48025,  Birmingham 48009, Birmingham 48012, Bloomfield 48301, Bloomfield 48302,  Bloomfield 48303, Bloomfield 48304, Bloomfield Hills 48301, Bloomfield  Hills 48302, Bloomfield Hills 48303, Bloomfield Hills 48304, Bloomfield  Township 48301, Bloomfield Township 48302, Bloomfield Township 48303,  Bloomfield Township 48304, Bloomfield Twp 48303, Bloomfield Village  48301, Bloomfield Hls 48303, Bloomfield Twp 48303, Clarkston 48346,  Clarkston 48347, Clarkston 48348, Clawson 48017, Commerce Township  48382, Commerce Township 48390, Commerce Twp 48382, Commerce Twp 48390,  Davisburg 48350, Detroit 48220, Detroit 48237, Drayton Plains 48330,  Drayton Plns 48330, Farmington Hls 48331, Farmington Hls 48332,  Farmington Hls 48333, Farmington Hls 48334, Farmington Hls 48335,  Farmington Hls 48336, Farmington 48331, Farmington 48332, Farmington  48333, Farmington 48334Farmington 48335, Farmington 48336, Farmington  Hills 48331, Farmington Hills 48332, Farmington Hills 48333, Farmington  Hills 48334, Farmington Hills 48335,, Farmington Hills 48336, Farmington  Hls 48331, Farmington Hls 48332, Farmington Hls 48333, Farmington Hls  48334, Farmington Hls 48335, Farmington Hls 48336, Ferndale 48220,  Franklin 48025, Goodison 48306, Hazel Park 48030, Highland 48356,  Highland 48357, Holly 48442, Huntington Wds 48070, Huntington Woods  48070, Independence 48346, Independence 48348, Keego Harbor 48320, Lake  Angelus 48326, Lake Orion 48359, Lake Orion 48360, Lake Orion 48361,  Lake Orion 48362, Lakeville 48366, Lathrup Village 48076, Lathrup Vlg  48076, Leonard 48367, Madison Heights 48071, Madison Hts 48071, MI Metro  48340, Milford 48380, Milford 48381, New Hudson 48165, Novi 48374, Novi  48375, Novi 48376, Novi 48377, Oak Park 48237, Oakland 48306, Oakland  48363, Oakland Township 48306, Oakland Twp 48306, Orchard Lake 48323,  Orchard Lake 48324, Orion 48359, Orion 48360, Orion 48362, Ortonville  48462, Oxford 48370, Oxford 48371, Pleasant Ridge 48069, Pleasant Ridge  48069, Pontiac 48340, Pontiac 48341, Pontiac 48342, Pontiac 48343,  Rochester 48306, Rochester 48307, Rochester 48308, Rochester 48309,  Rochester Hills 48306, Rochester Hills 48307, Rochester Hills 48309,  Rochester Hls 48306, Rochester Hls 48307, Rochester Hls 48309, Royal Oak  48067, Royal Oak 48068, Royal Oak 48073, South Lyon 48178, Southfield  48033, Southfield 48034, Southfield 48037, Southfield 48075, Southfield  48076, Southfield 48086, Springfield Township 48350, Springfield Twp  48350, Sylvan Lake 48320, Troy 48007, Troy 48083, Troy 48084, Troy  48085, Troy 48098, Troy 48099, Union Lake 48387, W Bloomfield 48322, W  Bloomfield 48323, W Bloomfield 48324, W Bloomfield 48325, Walled Lake  48390, Walled Lake 48391, Waterford 48327, Waterford 48328, Waterford  48329, Waterford Township 48329, &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/"&gt;West Bloomfield 48322, West Bloomfield 48323, West Bloomfield 48324, West Bloomfield 48325&lt;/a&gt;, White Lake 48383, White Lake 48386, Wixom 48393, Wolverine Lake 48390, Wolverine Lk 48390&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wayne  County Michigan, Canton 48187, Canton 48188, Dearborn 48120, Dearborn  48121, Dearborn 48123, Dearborn 48124, Dearborn 48126, Dearborn 48128,  Dearborn Heights 48125, Dearborn Heights 48127, Dearborn Hts 48125,  Dearborn Hts 48127, Ecorse 48229, Flat Rock 48134, Garden City 48135,  Garden City 48136, Gibraltar 48173, Grosse Ile 48138, Grosse Pointe  48215, Grosse Pointe 48224, Grosse Pointe 48230, Grosse Pointe 48236,  Grosse Pointe Farms 48230, Grosse Pointe Farms 48236, Grosse Pointe Park  48215, Grosse Pointe Park 48224, Grosse Pointe Park 48230, Grosse  Pointe Park 48236, Grosse Pointe Shores 48230, Grosse Pointe Shores  48236, Grosse Pointe Woods 48230, Grosse Pointe Woods 48236, Hamtramck  48211, Hamtramck 48212, Harper Woods 48225, Highland Park 48203, Inkster  48141, Lincoln Park 48146, Livonia 48150, Livonia 48151, Livonia 48152,  Livonia 48153, Livonia 48154, Melvindale 48122, New Boston 48164,  Northville 48167, Northville 48168, Northville Township 48167,  Northville Twp 48167, Plymouth 48170, Redford 48239, Redford 48240,  River Rouge 48218, Riverview 48192, Riverview 48193, Rockwood 48173,  Romulus 48174, Southgate 48195, Sumpter Twp 48111, Taylor 48180, Trenton  48183, Van Buren Twp 48111, Wayne 48184, Westland 48185, Westland  48186, Woodhaven 48183, Wyandotte 48192, Wyandotte 48193&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Macomb  County Michigan, Armada 48005, Bruce 48065, Bruce Township 48065, Bruce  TWP 48065, Center Line 48015, Chesterfield 48047, Chesterfield 48051,  Clinton Township 48035, Clinton Township 48036, Clinton Township 48038,  Clinton Twp 48035, Clinton Twp 48036, Clinton Twp 48038, East Detroit  48021, Eastpointe 48021, Fraser 48026, Harrison Township 48045, Harrison  Twp 48045, Lenox 48048, Lenox 48050, Macomb 48042, Macomb 48044, Mount  Clemens 48043, Mount Clemens 48046, New Baltimore 48047, New Baltimore  48051, New Haven 48048, New Haven 48050, Ray 48096, Ray Twp 48096,  Richmond 48062, Romeo 48065, Roseville 48066, Saint Clair Shores 48080,  Saint Clair Shores 48081, Saint Clair Shores 48082, Selfridge 48045,  Selfridge Angb 48045, Shelby Township 48315, Shelby Township 48316,  Shelby Township 48317, Shelby Township 48318, Shelby Twp 48315, Shelby  Twp 48316, Shelby Twp 48317, Shelby Twp 48318, St Clair Shrs 48080, St  Clair Shrs 48081, St Clair Shrs 48082, St Clr Shores 48080, St Clr  Shores 48081, St Clr Shores 48082, Sterling Heights 48310, Sterling  Heights 48311, Sterling Heights 48312, Sterling Heights 48313, Sterling  Heights 48314, Sterling Hts 48310, Sterling Hts 48311, Sterling Hts  48312, Sterling Hts 48313, Sterling Hts 48314, Utica 48315, Utica 48316,  Utica 48317, Utica 48318, Warren 48088, Warren 48089, Warren 48090,  Warren 48091, Warren 48092, Warren 48093, Warren 48397, Washington Twp  48094, Washingtonn Twp 48095 &lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metro Detroit Michigan Painting and Drywall Contractor paints a pretty picture for Michigan Charities and Churches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://michiganchimneyrepair.com/default.aspx"&gt;Mark Maupin from Brick Repair LLC&lt;/a&gt;  and Mike DeLuca from Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc. (248)  787-0963 paint one heck of a pretty picture of what the Metro Detroit  community is really about! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I spoke with Mike DeLuca, he told me he was looking forward to  giving back to the community that had kept them working through his own  hard times.  Mike is one of those truly honest contractors, who is  delighted and feels blessed to have the opportunity to give back to the  community.  Mike and Mark have been working in Michigan's past good  years and also now during these unfortunate rough times of our economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike Said "It has been rough for the past few years.  I know that a lot  of Michigan contractors have been struggling to keep there heads above  water, and I was no exception.  Our economy is not the same as it was 7  years ago.  I feel blessed to have a roof over my head and to be able to  keep busy during these rough times of our economy.  I was blessed to  have a few local church's help me out when I needed it.  So it only  feels right to give back."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike Run's a small painting &amp;amp; drywall company, in Oakland county Mi.  they have been in the home repair and restoration industry for over 14  years. They are happy to provide the following services. Interior &amp;amp;  Exterior Painting, Epoxy floor coatings, Murals, Staining and  varnishing, Faux Finishes (multiple methods), Wall paper removal, Wall  paper hanging, Caulking, Fire and Water Damage Repair, Insurance work,  Power washing, Block or Concrete water proofing, Deck restoration,  Aluminum fence painting, Steele structure coatings, Sand Blasting,  Drywall Installation, Drywall Repair, Drywall Hanging, Drywall  Finishing, Popcorn ceilings &amp;amp; other textured wall &amp;amp; ceiling  applications, Rough &amp;amp; Finish Carpentry, Rotted wood replacement,  Basement Finishing, Interior Demolition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike and Mark are looking to find a church or charity to provide there  services to free of charge.  They said "We will provide the labor and  tools, if they provide the material.  We have an opening available in  our calendar on Mar. 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and if we can find someone to help during that time it would be a great way to ring in the New Year".  &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-small;"&gt;We  hope any information gained is beneficial please feel free to call Mike  for a consultation on any painting project. (248) 787-0963 or go to &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/"&gt;www.oaklandcountypainter.com&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-small;"&gt;If your in need of a great Masonry Contractor visit &lt;a href="http://michiganchimneyrepair.com/default.aspx"&gt;http://michiganchimneyrepair.com/default.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Are  you thinking about renting, buying or updating and remodeling a house  or home?  Here are some facts and information about the dangers of lead  based paints from Wikipedia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;Lead-based paint in the United States&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="background:none;clear:right;float:right;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em;width:auto" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div id="toctitle"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt; [&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#" id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#State_action_against_the_lead_paint_industry"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;State action against the lead paint industry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#Real_estate_maintenance_and_renovation"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Real estate maintenance and renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#External_links"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint" title="Lead-based paint"&gt;Lead-based paint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; in the &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; resulted in a court case against the Lead Industries Association.&lt;br /&gt; Due in great part to studies carried out by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_J._Landrigan" title="Philip J. Landrigan"&gt;Philip J. Landrigan&lt;/a&gt;,   paint containing more than 0.06% (by weight of dried product) lead was   banned for residential use in the United States in 1978 by the U.S. &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Commission" title="Consumer Product Safety Commission"&gt;Consumer Product Safety Commission&lt;/a&gt;   (16 Code of Federal Regulations CFR 1303). The U.S. Government defines   "lead-based paint" as any "paint, surface coating that contains lead   equal to or exceeding one milligram per square centimeter (1.0 mg/cm2)   or 0.5% by weight."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   Some states have adopted this or similar definitions of "lead-based   paint." These definitions are used to enforce regulations that apply to   certain activities conducted in housing constructed prior to 1978, such   as abatement, or the permanent elimination of a "lead-based paint   hazard."&lt;br /&gt;The U.S. Government and many states have regulations regarding   lead-based paint. Many of them apply to evaluating a property for   lead-based paint. There are two different testing procedures that are   similar but yield different information. Lead-based paint inspections   will evaluate all painted surfaces in a complex to determine where   lead-based paint, if any, is present. The procedures for lead   inspections is outlined in the HUD Guidelines, Chapter 7, 1997 Revision.   The other testing is a lead-based paint risk assessment. In this   testing, only deteriorated painted surfaces are tested and dust wipe   samples are collected. This information will help the risk assessor   determine if there are any &lt;i&gt;lead hazards&lt;/i&gt;. Many property owners   decided to get a combination of both tests to determine where the   lead-based paint is present and what hazards are present as well. Risk   assessments are outlined in the HUD Guidelines, Chapter 5. In addition,   if a child is poisoned in a property, the owner may be required to   perform abatement (permanent elimination of the lead hazard).&lt;br /&gt;In 1996, the Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Regulation was enacted. It   requires owners of pre-1978 "target housing" to disclose to potential   buyers or renters all known information about the presence of lead-based   paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the property. It requires  that  the potential buyer or tenant be given the lead information  pamphlet,  "Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home," or other &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency"&gt;United States Environmental Protection Agency‎&lt;/a&gt;-approved   pamphlet as well as a specific disclosure statement. The option of   whether to test for the presence of lead-based paint is left to the   owner, so long as a decision not to test is disclosed.&lt;br /&gt;EPA signed a new regulation (Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP))&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   regarding the renovation of child-occupied buildings built before 1978   on April 22, 2008. The rule (Federal Register: July 15, 2009 (Volume  74,  Number 134)) became effective April 22, 2010. Under the rule, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor"&gt;contractors&lt;/a&gt;   performing renovation, repair and painting projects that disturb   lead-based coatings (including lead paint, shellac or varnish) in   child-occupied facilities built before 1978 must be certified and must   follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination. EPA's RRP   rule impacts many construction trades, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor"&gt;general contractors&lt;/a&gt; and special trade contractors, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator"&gt;painters&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber"&gt;plumbers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry"&gt;carpenters&lt;/a&gt;, window installers, wood floor refinishers and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician"&gt;electricians&lt;/a&gt;.   Activities performed by all of these trades can disturb lead-based   paint and have the potential to create hazardous lead dust. For most   individuals, eight hours of training is required. However, individuals   who have successfully completed renovation courses developed by HUD or   EPA, or an abatement worker or supervisor course accredited by EPA or an   authorized State or Tribal program, can become certified renovators by   taking a four hour EPA-accredited renovator refresher training.&lt;br /&gt;The RRP rule is controversial, primarily due to the increased cost   remodelers incur as a result of having to set up dust containment   apparatuses,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-2"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; including sealing off doorways and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC"&gt;HVAC&lt;/a&gt; ducts with plastic. Various national trade associations have been very vocal in their opposition,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   some going so far as to sue the EPA. Still, the EPA is deliberating   expanding the rule to require contractors to pass a third-party dust   wipe clearance exam&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; to in order to complete remodel work in pre-1978 buildings.&lt;br /&gt; Although the rule was not fully implemented until April 2010, certain   elements were required before, and others required attention well   before April 2010.&lt;br /&gt;Before April 2009 – Contractors that disturb paint in homes,   residential buildings, schools and child care facilities built prior to   1978 had to provide lead hazard information prior to the start of the   job to building owners, occupants, and to the families of children using   the facilities by distributing EPA's new Renovate Right brochure.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   As of April 2009 – Trainers could begin to apply to EPA or an   EPA-approved state for accreditation, and, once approved, contractors   and construction trade workers could begin to take the training to   become certified. Beginning October 2009 – Firms could apply for EPA or   state certification. Beginning April 2010 – All businesses engaged in   renovation, repair or painting activities in homes, residential   buildings, schools and child care facilities built prior to 1978 must be   certified, use certified workers, and follow specific lead-safe work   practices to prevent lead contamination.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: State action against the lead paint industry"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="State_action_against_the_lead_paint_industry"&gt;State action against the lead paint industry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; The state of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island"&gt;Rhode Island&lt;/a&gt; filed a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuisance" title="Nuisance"&gt;public nuisance&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit"&gt;lawsuit&lt;/a&gt; in 1999 &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_of_Rhode_Island_v._Lead_Industries_Association&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="State of Rhode Island v. Lead Industries Association (page does not exist)"&gt;State of Rhode Island v. Lead Industries Association&lt;/a&gt;   to get the former manufacturers of lead paint to pay for the clean up   of current lead hazards in Rhode Island. After a trial that ended in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hung_jury" title="Hung jury"&gt;hung jury&lt;/a&gt; in 2002, the state refiled the case. In February 2006, the jury decided in favor of the state and said that &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwin-Williams" title="Sherwin-Williams"&gt;Sherwin-Williams&lt;/a&gt;,   NL Industries and Millennium Holdings would have to pay for the   clean-up of lead paint in the state. On July 1, 2008, the Rhode Island   Supreme Court in a landmark decision overturned the verdict,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; dismissing the case stating that "the State of Rhode Island 'cannot allege' facts sufficient to state a claim for common law &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuisance" title="Nuisance"&gt;public nuisance&lt;/a&gt; against lead pigment manufacturers."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-8"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; In 2007, the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Supreme_Court" title="Missouri Supreme Court"&gt;Missouri Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-9"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Supreme_Court" title="New Jersey Supreme Court"&gt;New Jersey Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-10"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   also rejected the use of the public nuisance theory in lead paint   lawsuits, leaving Ohio and California as the only two remaining public   nuisance cases.&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" title="California Supreme Court"&gt;California Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt; has reviewed the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_fee" title="Contingency fee"&gt;contingency fee&lt;/a&gt; agreement between the municipalities and private counsel. A briefing schedule is currently being set.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-11"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; But in recent rulings the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" title="California Supreme Court"&gt;Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt; held the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingent_fee" title="Contingent fee"&gt;contingent fee&lt;/a&gt;   agreement is improper stating that "When a government attorney has a   personal interest in the litigation, the neutrality so essential to the   system is violated."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-12"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Columbus" title="City of Columbus"&gt;City of Columbus&lt;/a&gt;, Ohio voluntary dropped its lawsuit against the paint industry after the Rhode Island decision,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-13"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; the State of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio"&gt;Ohio&lt;/a&gt;'s suit remains.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Real estate maintenance and renovation"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Real_estate_maintenance_and_renovation"&gt;Real estate maintenance and renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; Humans  can be poisoned during unsafe renovations or repainting jobs  on  housing that has lead paint. Therefore, homeowners are encouraged to   carefully stabilize any deteriorated (peeling, chipping, cracking, etc.)   paint in a lead-safe manner. More than 250,000 children in the United   States have dangerous levels of lead in their bodies.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-14"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Working in a lead-safe manner means avoiding dry &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanding" title="Sanding"&gt;sanding&lt;/a&gt;, dry scraping, removing paint by torching/burning, the use of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun"&gt;heat guns&lt;/a&gt; over 1100°F, machine-sanding or grinding without &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPA" title="HEPA"&gt;HEPA&lt;/a&gt; filtered dust collection or HEPA-filtered vacuum. These methods are now prohibited by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development"&gt;United States Department of Housing and Urban Development&lt;/a&gt;   (HUD) because they have been proved to create significant levels of   lead dust during remodeling, renovation and painting. They must be   avoided, especially in properties where children under age six reside.   Adult workers using unsafe work practices or improper protective gear   may also become lead-poisoned.&lt;br /&gt;There are specialized paint strippers for use with lead paint such as   LEAD-OUT Paint Stripper, Strip-Tox, Lead-X, and others. Some of these   specialized strippers render lead non-hazardous decreasing the risks   associated with lead paint removal.&lt;br /&gt;HUD requires a dust test for "clearance" at the end of any remodeling   or repainting job be performed by a third-party professional who is   independent of the entity performing the work. Contact your state's   lead-poisoning prevention program (call the local health department or   environmental department) or look in your Yellow Pages director under   "lead paint" or "environmental consultants" to locate a lead-based paint   professional who can do a clearance examination for your job.&lt;br /&gt;Lead evaluations of paint are usually performed by a field testing method known as &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Ray_fluorescence" title="X-Ray fluorescence"&gt;X-Ray fluorescence&lt;/a&gt; (XRF) using equipment such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation"&gt;Olympus&lt;/a&gt;   Innov-X LBP4000, RMD LPA-1, or the Thermo Scientific's Niton. XRF is   the preferred method because it is not destructive and a reading is   usually obtained in about 4–8 seconds with a 95% accuracy at the 2-sigma   level.&lt;br /&gt;Instruments of this sort have an inconclusive range, and when a  reading  falls in this range (range is different for each instrument and   model), a paint chip may be taken and sent for laboratory analysis.   Testing for lead in dust, water, and air also require laboratory   analysis. Commercially available lead test kits are often used to test   for the presence of lead, but they are not reliable and not authorized   by HUD to be used in determining if a property is lead-based-paint free.&lt;br /&gt;The home's year of construction can be a clue as to the likelihood  that  lead is present in its paint. Generally, two thirds of homes older   than 1940 contain at least some lead paint, homes built between 1940 and   1960 have a 50% chance of containing such paint, homes built between   1960 and 1978 may still contain lead paint, while homes built after 1978   are unlikely to have lead-based paint.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-15"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of   Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control performs regular studies of   housing-based health hazards in the U.S.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="See_also"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_safe_work_practices" title="Lead safe work practices"&gt;Lead safe work practices&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_paint" title="Environmental issues with paint"&gt;Environmental issues with paint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States"&gt;Environmental issues in the United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="References"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="list-style-type:decimal"&gt;&lt;ol class="references"&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-0"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dcwatch.com/archives/council15/15-721.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-1"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span class="citation web"&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.greenedu.com/epa-lead-rrp-overview/" rel="nofollow"&gt;"RRP Overview &amp;amp; Contractor Certification"&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;amp;rft.btitle=RRP+Overview+%26+Contractor+Certification&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenedu.com%2Fepa-lead-rrp-overview%2F&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-2"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/91440959.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/91440959.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-3"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-3"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://testudoonline.com/content/window-and-door-dealers-voice-opposition-expanded-lead-law" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://testudoonline.com/content/window-and-door-dealers-voice-opposition-expanded-lead-law&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-4"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-4"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://testudoonline.com/node/20" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://testudoonline.com/node/20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-5"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-6"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/sbcomplianceguide.pdf"&gt;www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/sbcomplianceguide.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-7"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-7"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.courts.ri.gov/supreme/pdf-files/Corrected%20Version%20State%20v.%20Lead%20Paint%20Industries%20Assoc.,%20Inc..pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.courts.ri.gov/supreme/pdf-files/Corrected%20Version%20State%20v.%20Lead%20Paint%20Industries%20Assoc.,%20Inc..pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-8"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-8"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nuisancelaw.com/court-decisions/rhode-island-supreme-court-2008" rel="nofollow"&gt;Thomas R. Bender: "State of Rhode Island v. Lead Industries Association"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-9"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-9"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.courts.mo.gov/courts/pubopinions.nsf/0f87ea4ac0ad4c0186256405005d3b8e/2886f48a874d6f28862572f8006c6ff8?OpenDocument" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.courts.mo.gov/courts/pubopinions.nsf/0f87ea4ac0ad4c0186256405005d3b8e/2886f48a874d6f28862572f8006c6ff8?OpenDocument&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-10"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-10"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/supreme/a-73-05.doc.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/supreme/a-73-05.doc.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-11"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-11"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/214352-paint-industrys-appeal-of-contingent-fee-contract-will-be-heard-by-calif.-sc" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/214352-paint-industrys-appeal-of-contingent-fee-contract-will-be-heard-by-calif.-sc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-12"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-12"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nuisancelaw.com/court-decisions/contingent-fee" rel="nofollow"&gt;Court Decisions on Contingency Fee in Public Nuisance Litigations Item 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-13"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-13"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://legalnewsline.com/news/214039-another-paint-suit-brushed-away" rel="nofollow"&gt;John O'Brien: Another paint suit brushed away&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-14"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-14"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span class="citation news"&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/" rel="nofollow"&gt;"Center for Disease Control and Prevention"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="reference-accessdate"&gt;. Retrieved June 24, 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnceh%2Flead%2F&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-15"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-15"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/5054.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/5054.html&lt;/a&gt; What You Should Know About Lead Based Paint in Your Home: Safety Alert, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Accessed 08-30-2010&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="External_links"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadpbed.htm#nlic." rel="nofollow"&gt;US National Lead Information Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead" rel="nofollow"&gt;Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/research/project/enviro/hazard/lead/lead-advertising/medical-knowledge.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Medical Knowledge of the Dangers of Lead-Based Paint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u  style="Times New Roman&amp;quot;,seriffont-family:Georgia,&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Here is more information from Wikipedia about house painting and decorating:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;House painter and decorator&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;div style="width:52px"&gt;&lt;img alt="Globe icon." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" width="48" height="40" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;The examples and perspective in this article &lt;b&gt;may not represent a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias"&gt;worldwide view&lt;/a&gt; of the subject&lt;/b&gt;. Please &lt;a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; and discuss the issue on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:House_painter_and_decorator" title="Talk:House painter and decorator"&gt;talk page&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;(December 2010)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg/220px-Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg" width="220" height="148" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; A modern house painter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;A &lt;b&gt;house painter and decorator&lt;/b&gt; is a tradesman responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings, and is also known as a &lt;b&gt;decorator&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;house painter&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The purpose of painting is to make the house look better or to protect it from damage by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_damage" title="Water damage"&gt;water&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust" title="Rust"&gt;rust&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion"&gt;corrosion&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect" title="Insect"&gt;insects&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mould" title="Mould"&gt;mould&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div id="toctitle"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt; [&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#" id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#History_of_the_trade"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;History of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#Tools_of_the_trade"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Tools of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#Activities_of_the_trade"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Activities of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History of the trade"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_the_trade"&gt;History of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; In &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England"&gt;England&lt;/a&gt;, little is known of the trade and its structures before the late 13th century, at which point &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild" title="Guild"&gt;guilds&lt;/a&gt;   began to form, amongst them the Painters Company and the Stainers   Company. These two guilds eventually merged with the consent of the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London"&gt;Lord Mayor of the City of London&lt;/a&gt; in 1502, forming the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Painter-Stainers" title="Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers"&gt;Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers&lt;/a&gt;. The guild standardised the craft and acted as a protector of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret"&gt;trade secrets&lt;/a&gt;.   In 1599, the guild asked Parliament for protection, which was   eventually granted in a bill of 1606, which granted the trade protection   from outside competition such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster"&gt;plasterers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The Act legislated for a sevens year &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship"&gt;apprenticeship&lt;/a&gt;,   and also barred plasterers from painting, unless apprenticed to a   painter, with the penalty for such painting being a fine of £5. The Act   also enshrined a maximum daily fee of 16 &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_pence" title="Old pence"&gt;old pence&lt;/a&gt; for their labour.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg/220px-Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg" width="220" height="170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; A painter painting a room in a house&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Enforcement of this Act by the Painter-Stainers Company was sought up until the early 19th century, with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_craftsman" title="Master craftsman"&gt;master painters&lt;/a&gt; gathering irregularly to decide the fees that a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journeyman" title="Journeyman"&gt;journeyman&lt;/a&gt; could charge, and also instigating an early version of a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_centre" title="Job centre"&gt;job centre&lt;/a&gt; in 1769, advertising in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London"&gt;London&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper"&gt;newspapers&lt;/a&gt;   a "house of call" system to advertise for journeymen and also for   journeymen to advertise for work. The guild's power in setting the fee a   journeyman could charge was eventually overturned by law in 1827, and   the period after this saw the guild's power diminish, along with that  of  the other guilds; the guilds were superseded by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union"&gt;trade unions&lt;/a&gt;, with the Operative United Painters' Union forming sometime around 1831.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; In 1894, a national association formed, recreating itself in 1918 as   the National Federation of Master Painters and Decorators of England and   Wales, then changing its name once again to the British Decorators   Association before merging, in 2002, with the Painting &amp;amp; Decorating   Federation to form the Painting &amp;amp; Decorating Association. The   Construction Industry Joint Council, a body formed of both unions and   business organizations, today has responsibility for the setting of pay   levels.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Tools of the trade"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Tools_of_the_trade"&gt;Tools of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grille_peinture.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Grille peinture.jpg" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Grille_peinture.jpg/220px-Grille_peinture.jpg" width="220" height="165" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grille_peinture.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The  modern composition of paints results in latex formulations being   widely used for exterior as well as interior. That reduces post painting   cleanup, and reduces the smells associated with petroleum and  polyester  based paints. Computerized paint scanners formulate new  paints to match  the often faded colour of existing paints. Many chain  stores offer  colour matching service.&lt;br /&gt;Modern paints are available in various specialized formulations that   can be fade resistant, chip resistant, odor free, antibiotic to resist   mould and fungi growth, etc.&lt;br /&gt;For surfaces where a very smooth surface is desired, most retailers   carry inexpensive chemicals that can be added to paints to better make   the paint flow or lay flat.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-2"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Such additives are preferable to thinning paint, which can change some of the paint's characteristics.&lt;br /&gt; For the layman, the most confusing element is primer and priming   surfaces. For surfaces such as wood, paint alone is too thick and will   be on the surface, but not adhere well, resulting in flaking. Primer is a   thin paint solution, or even a specialized liquid colour coordinated  to  support the finish coat, which penetrates into the pores of wood,  and  allows the finish coat to adhere to the underlying primer.&lt;br /&gt;Priming also results in less paint being needed. For unpainted wood,   most laymen expect to apply two coats of paint. However, one coat of   inexpensive primer and then a finish coat is much less expensive.&lt;br /&gt;For metal surfaces, primer may involve special characteristics to   resist corrosion, prevent impact chipping or improve adhesion of the   finish coat.&lt;br /&gt;Especially for problem paint jobs, such as new work, fungal presence  or  peeling paint, most professional paint retailers offer free  consulting  services. When their instructions and materials are used,  guarantees  of 5 to 20 years are available as to adhesion, water  proofing, etc. of  the finished paint job.&lt;br /&gt;For professional painters, the majority of their time is spent in   preparation for paint application, not in painting per se. Cleaning and   sanding surfaces, taping and applying paper or plastic to surfaces not   to be painted typically involve 50% or more of the painter's total time   budget.&lt;br /&gt;Although the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush" title="Brush"&gt;brush&lt;/a&gt; and the fabric &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_roller" title="Paint roller"&gt;roller&lt;/a&gt;   were the tools most readily associated with the painter, foam brushes   are now commonly used for precise work requiring a straight line. Foam   brushes can also be used to create a smoother surface using less paint   that dries more quickly than brush applications.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   Like fabric rollers, foam rollers can also create patterns in the   painted surface. Foam rollers are available in a variety of professional   materials for high-quality applications. &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-4"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   Although used in a variety of applications, the foam roller is  commonly  used during the painting of doors to produce an extremely  smooth  finish.&lt;br /&gt;Recent advances in &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacture" title="Manufacture"&gt;manufacture&lt;/a&gt; have led to a standardization of brushes, with many older types of brushes falling from fashion.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_painting" title="Spray painting"&gt;spray gun&lt;/a&gt; is one of the latest tools in the painter's arsenal. It is powered by an &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric" title="Electric"&gt;electric&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic" title="Pneumatic"&gt;pneumatic&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel"&gt;fuel&lt;/a&gt; powered &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor"&gt;motor&lt;/a&gt; which pumps paint through a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hose_%28tubing%29" title="Hose (tubing)"&gt;hose&lt;/a&gt; into a gun which &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomizer_nozzle" title="Atomizer nozzle"&gt;atomizes&lt;/a&gt; the paint to a fine spray. With the airless spray gun it is possible to paint extremely large areas of surface in a short time.&lt;br /&gt; However, sprayed paint when dry can display unsightly patterns if the   spraying application does not result in an even distribution of paint.&lt;br /&gt;The ground brush, also known as a pound brush, was a round or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse" title="Ellipse"&gt;elliptical&lt;/a&gt; brush bound by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire" title="Wire"&gt;wire&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twine" title="Twine"&gt;cord&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal"&gt;metal&lt;/a&gt;.   They were generally heavy to use, and required considerable usage to   break them in. These brushes were predominantly used in the days before   modern paint manufacturing techniques; hand-mixed paints requiring more   working to create the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing"&gt;finish&lt;/a&gt;. These brushes still have use in applying &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_%28paint%29" title="Primer (paint)"&gt;primer&lt;/a&gt;, as they are useful in working the primer into the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain" title="Wood grain"&gt;grain&lt;/a&gt; of the wood. Pound brushes required an even breaking in to create even &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevel" title="Bevel"&gt;bevel&lt;/a&gt; on both sides of the brush, minimising the formation of a point which would render the brush useless.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_sash" title="Window sash"&gt;Sash&lt;/a&gt; tools were smaller brushes, similar to a ground brush, and used mainly for cutting in sash or glazing bars found on windows.&lt;br /&gt; Sash tools and ground brushes generally required &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridling" title="Bridling"&gt;bridling&lt;/a&gt;   before use, and a painter's efficiency in this skill was generally  used  as a guide to their overall ability. Both these brushes have  largely  been superseded by the modern &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish"&gt;varnish&lt;/a&gt;   brush. Varnish brushes are the most common flat brushes available  today  and are used for painting as well as varnishing. Brushes intended  for  varnishing typically have a bevelled edge.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distemper_%28paint%29" title="Distemper (paint)"&gt;Distemper&lt;/a&gt; brushes, used for applying distemper, an early form of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash"&gt;whitewash&lt;/a&gt;, were best made of pure &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristle" title="Bristle"&gt;bristle&lt;/a&gt; and bound by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper"&gt;copper&lt;/a&gt; bands to prevent &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust" title="Rust"&gt;rust&lt;/a&gt; damage. Styles differed across the world, with flat nailed brushes popular in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England"&gt;Northern England&lt;/a&gt;, a two knot brush (a brush with two ovular heads) popular in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England"&gt;Southern England&lt;/a&gt;, and three knot brushes or flat head brushes preferred elsewhere. In the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt; distemper brushes were known as calcimine, kalsomine or calsomine brushes, each term being the U.S. variant of whitewash.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Fitches are smaller brushes, either ovular or flat and one inch wide,   that are used in fine work such as to pick out the detail on a painted &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_%28decorative%29" title="Molding (decorative)"&gt;moulding&lt;/a&gt;. Stipplers come in various shapes and sizes and are used to apply paint with a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stippling" title="Stippling"&gt;stippled&lt;/a&gt; effect. A duster or jamb brush was used to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust" title="Dust"&gt;dust&lt;/a&gt; the area to be painted before work commenced. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil"&gt;Stencil&lt;/a&gt; brushes, similar in style to a shaving brush, were used for the purpose of stencilling walls or in the creation of hand-made &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper"&gt;wallpapers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Brushes are best stored in a purpose made brush keeper, a box on which a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire" title="Wire"&gt;wire&lt;/a&gt;   could be suspended. The wire would be threaded through the hole in a   brush's handle so as to suspend the brush in a cleaning solution without   allowing the brush to sit on the bottom of the container and thus  cause  spreading of the bristles. The solution would also prevent  hardening of  the brushes and &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation" title="Oxidation"&gt;oxidization&lt;/a&gt;. These were generally rectangular and stored several brushes. A lid would enclose the brushes and keep them free from dust.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; If brushes are cleaned after use, they can last for years. Since most   modern exterior and interior paints are latex based, cleaning the   brushes after use with hot soapy water and a toothbrush can remove all   traces of paint. Oil based paints are normally cleaned with a petroleum   solvent such as mineral spirits, again using a toothbrush to remove all   traces of paint. Metal "combs" are used to penetrate into the bristles   of a brush to remove drying paint.&lt;br /&gt;Although paints are now available in no-drip containers to pour paint   into trays for roller application, most paints are sold in metal gallon   or quart cans. For large jobs, paints come in 5-gallon containers.&lt;br /&gt;For metal cans, a large diameter nail or punch is used to make drain   holes in the lip of the can. The holes allow paint to return into the   can. The lid can then be reattached correctly and removed later. Without   the drain holes paint will accumulate in the lip, and act as an   adhesive preventing the lid from being easily removed later. Closing a   lid with paint in the lip can also result in paint travelling 15-feet or   more horizontally.&lt;br /&gt;The air in partly filled paint cans forms over time a dried surface   film. To prevent development of film, prior to closing a latex paint   container add a small amount of distilled (or tap) water that will   remain on the top and prevent drying. For oil based paints use the   solvent recommended for brush cleaning. When the container is reopened,   stir the water/solvent into the paint before using.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drop_cloth&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Drop cloth (page does not exist)"&gt;Drop cloths&lt;/a&gt;, brown painter's paper, dust-sheets, paint sheets, paint &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin"&gt;tarpaulins&lt;/a&gt; or plastic protection films are used to protect nearby surfaces that are not being painted.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking_tape" title="Masking tape"&gt;Masking tape&lt;/a&gt;   can be used to define the line between the painted and unpainted   surface, as well as to hold protection materials in place. Masking tape   is available in several categories. The classic tape is a high  adhesive.  However it can damage the underlying surface when removed,  and the  longer it's in place the greater the risk of damage.&lt;br /&gt;Modern delay removal tape prevents damaging the taped surface.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   "Delicate" tape has about 40% the adhesion of traditional tape, and  can  remain on a surface for up to 30-days without creating damage.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-6"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The less adhesive tapes should be used especially when tape is  applied  to new work. Depending on the paint composition, "dry" paint may  still  be soft and easily damaged for 30-days or more.&lt;br /&gt;Some modern house painters in the US, Canada and Australia have adopted colour &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics"&gt;visualization&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_software" title="Computer software"&gt;computer software&lt;/a&gt;, developed by companies such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autech_Software_and_Design" title="Autech Software and Design"&gt;Autech Software &amp;amp; Design&lt;/a&gt;,   as an additional tool to help demonstrate to customers how their home   would look after it is painted. House painters can use a &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photo" title="Digital photo"&gt;digital photo&lt;/a&gt; outputted by this software to show possible &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_schemes" title="Colour schemes"&gt;colour schemes&lt;/a&gt; on the client's home exterior or room walls to help with their colour selection.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Activities of the trade"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Activities_of_the_trade"&gt;Activities of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; Historically, the painter was responsible for the mixing of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint" title="Paint"&gt;paint&lt;/a&gt;; keeping a ready supply of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment"&gt;pigments&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil" title="Oil"&gt;oils&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_thinner" title="Paint thinner"&gt;thinners&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drier" title="Drier"&gt;driers&lt;/a&gt;.   The painter would use his experience to determine a suitable mixture   depending on the nature of the job. In modern times, the painter is   primarily responsible for preparation of the surface to be painted, such   as patching holes in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall" title="Drywall"&gt;drywall&lt;/a&gt;, using masking tape and other protection on surfaces not to be painted, applying the paint and then cleaning up.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Larger firms operating within the trade were generally capable of   performing many painting or decoration services, from sign writing, to   the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding"&gt;gilding&lt;/a&gt; of objects or the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing"&gt;finishing&lt;/a&gt; or refinishing of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture"&gt;furniture&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TMD_1-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; More recently, professional painters are responsible for all preparation prior to painting. All scraping, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanding" title="Sanding"&gt;sanding&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper"&gt;wallpaper&lt;/a&gt; removal, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulk" title="Caulk"&gt;caulking&lt;/a&gt;, drywall or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood"&gt;wood&lt;/a&gt; repair, patching, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stain_removal" title="Stain removal"&gt;stain removal&lt;/a&gt;, filling &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_%28fastener%29" title="Nail (fastener)"&gt;nail&lt;/a&gt; holes or any defects with plaster or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putty" title="Putty"&gt;putty&lt;/a&gt;, cleaning, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive_tape" title="Adhesive tape"&gt;taping&lt;/a&gt;, preparation and priming are considered to be done by the professional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_contractor" title="Independent contractor"&gt;contracted&lt;/a&gt; painter.&lt;br /&gt; Before repainting, surfaces are usually cleaned with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_soap" title="Sugar soap"&gt;sugar soap&lt;/a&gt; (in &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_countries" title="Commonwealth countries"&gt;Commonwealth countries&lt;/a&gt;) which usually contains &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate"&gt;sodium carbonate&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_phosphate" title="Sodium phosphate"&gt;sodium phosphate&lt;/a&gt;, and sometimes &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_silicate" title="Sodium silicate"&gt;sodium silicate&lt;/a&gt; as an abrasive, though formulations vary. In the U.S.A. a similar compound known as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate"&gt;TSP&lt;/a&gt; is used but some modern formulations do not contain &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphates" title="Phosphates"&gt;phosphates&lt;/a&gt; due to environmental concerns.&lt;br /&gt; Professional painters need to have keen knowledge of tools of the trade, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sander" title="Sander"&gt;sanders&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_scraper" title="Card scraper"&gt;scrapers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_sprayer" title="Paint sprayer"&gt;paint sprayers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush" title="Brush"&gt;brushes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_roller" title="Paint roller"&gt;paint rollers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder"&gt;ladders&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffolding" title="Scaffolding"&gt;scaffolding&lt;/a&gt;,   in addition to just the paint in order to correctly complete work.  Much  preparation needs to be considered before simply applying paint.  For  instance, taping and dropcloth techniques, sizes of brushes or  rollers,  material types or dimensions of rollers or brushes (there are  different  sizes or types of brushes and rollers for different paints),  amount of  paint, number of paint coats, amount of primer, types of  primers and  paints, certain grits and cuts of sandpaper, trim cutting  (the act of  painting with a brush on the outline of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseboard" title="Baseboard"&gt;baseboard&lt;/a&gt;,   mouldings and other trim work), wallpaper removal, and nail-hole   filling techniques. Today many painters are attempting to break into the   field of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_painting" title="Faux painting"&gt;faux painting&lt;/a&gt;, allowing them more creativity and access to a higher end customer base.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="See_also"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating" title="Coating"&gt;Coating&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_testing" title="Adhesion testing"&gt;Adhesion testing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="References"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;Wikimedia Commons has media related to: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Painters_%28trade%29"&gt;Painters (trade)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="reflist" style="list-style-type:decimal"&gt;&lt;ol class="references"&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-0"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span class="citation book"&gt;Alf Fulcher (2005). &lt;i&gt;Painting and Decorating&lt;/i&gt;. Blackwell Publishing. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number"&gt;ISBN&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1405112549" title="Special:BookSources/1405112549"&gt;1405112549&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Painting+and+Decorating&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Alf+Fulcher&amp;amp;rft.au=Alf+Fulcher&amp;amp;rft.date=2005&amp;amp;rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&amp;amp;rft.isbn=1405112549&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:House_painter_and_decorator"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-TMD-1"&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-0"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-3"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;d&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-4"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-5"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;f&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-6"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;g&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-7"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;h&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-8"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;i&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-9"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;j&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-10"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;k&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-11"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-12"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;m&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;The Modern Painter and Decorator&lt;/i&gt; volume 1 1921 Caxton&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-2"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.floodco.com/paint-additive-solutions/index.jsp" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.floodco.com/paint-additive-solutions/index.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-3"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-3"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/486648" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/486648&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-4"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-4"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.woosterbrush.com/Catalog/RollerCovers/Minirollers" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.woosterbrush.com/Catalog/RollerCovers/Minirollers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-5"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-5"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.maxitape.com/tape/products/tapes/industry/industrial-masking-and-packaging/pt-14-blue-painter-s-tape.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.maxitape.com/tape/products/tapes/industry/industrial-masking-and-packaging/pt-14-blue-painter-s-tape.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-6"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-6"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.findtape.com/shop/product.aspx?id=276&amp;amp;setscreen=1&amp;amp;width=1024&amp;amp;height=610" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.findtape.com/shop/product.aspx?id=276&amp;amp;setscreen=1&amp;amp;width=1024&amp;amp;height=610&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Here is some information on Drywall from Wikipedia: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading"&gt;Drywall&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="siteSub"&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="jump-to-nav"&gt;Jump to: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#mw-head"&gt;navigation&lt;/a&gt;,      &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#p-search"&gt;search&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="dablink"&gt;For the musical group, see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall_%28musical_project%29" title="Drywall (musical project)"&gt;Drywall (musical project)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;div style="width:52px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;This article &lt;b&gt;needs additional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"&gt;citations&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;verification&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;Please help &lt;a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; by adding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources"&gt;reliable references&lt;/a&gt;. Unsourced material may be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed"&gt;challenged&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;removed&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;(July 2009)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Drywall.jpg/220px-Drywall.jpg" width="220" height="181" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Example of drywall with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_compound" title="Joint compound"&gt;joint compound&lt;/a&gt;, the common interior building material. (This photo shows drywall hung vertically.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Drywall&lt;/b&gt;, also known as &lt;b&gt;plasterboard&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;gypsum board&lt;/b&gt;, is a panel made of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_plaster" title="Gypsum plaster"&gt;gypsum plaster&lt;/a&gt; pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls and ceilings.&lt;br /&gt; Plasterboard panels are also known as &lt;b&gt;wallboard&lt;/b&gt; (USA, UK, Ireland),&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;b&gt;Gibraltar board&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;GIB&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;wall and ceiling linings&lt;/b&gt; (in New Zealand, trademark of Winstone Wallboards&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-0"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;), &lt;b&gt;rock lath&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oldhouseweb.com_1-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-oldhouseweb.com-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;b&gt;Sheetrock&lt;/b&gt; (a trademark of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USG_Corporation" title="USG Corporation"&gt;USG Corporation&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;b&gt;Gyproc&lt;/b&gt; (in Australia, a trademark of &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_de_Saint-Gobain" title="Compagnie de Saint-Gobain"&gt;Compagnie de Saint-Gobain&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt; The sheets of the drywall can be made from fiberglass instead of  paper   to prevent mold growth. Mold growth is common when using  paper-based   plasterboard that has been exposed to water due to plumbing  leaks or   floods.&lt;br /&gt;Drywall construction became prevalent as a speedier alternative to using &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster"&gt;plaster&lt;/a&gt;-based    interior finish techniques, which involved forcefully spreading a    substrate of coarse plaster, known as the base (made up of the &lt;i&gt;scratch&lt;/i&gt; coat and (optional) &lt;i&gt;brown&lt;/i&gt; coat), onto the wall's &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath" title="Lath"&gt;lath-work&lt;/a&gt; before finally applying the smoother &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finish" title="Finish"&gt;finish&lt;/a&gt; coat, each layer added in succession and all by hand (see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath_and_plaster" title="Lath and plaster"&gt;lath and plaster&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-National_Park_Service:_Preservation_Brief_21:_Repairing_Historic_Flat_Plaster--Walls_and_Ceilings_2-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-National_Park_Service:_Preservation_Brief_21:_Repairing_Historic_Flat_Plaster--Walls_and_Ceilings-2"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    Drywall, by contrast to plaster, requires hand finishing only at the    fasteners and joints. The drywall process requires less labor and  drying   time, lending its name to the panels used in the assembly.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;table class="toc" id="toc"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div id="toctitle"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span class="toctoggle"&gt;[&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#" id="togglelink"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#History"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;History&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Manufacture"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Manufacture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Specifications"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Specifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#USA_and_Canada"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Europe"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Europe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Construction_techniques"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Construction techniques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Water_damage_and_mold"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Water damage and mold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Fire_resistance"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Fire resistance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#North_American_market"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;North American market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Waste"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;7.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Waste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Types_available_in_the_USA_and_Canada"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Types available in the USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Common_drywall_tools"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Common drywall tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Levels_of_finish"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Levels of finish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_0"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Level 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_1"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_2"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10.3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_3"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10.4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_4"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10.5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_5"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;10.6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Defective_Chinese_imports"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;Defective Chinese imports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#See_also"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#References"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;13&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#External_links"&gt;&lt;span class="tocnumber"&gt;14&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="toctext"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="History"&gt;History&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; "&lt;b&gt;Sackett Board&lt;/b&gt;"   was invented in 1894 by Augustine Sackett. It  was made by layering   plaster within four plies of wool felt paper.  Sheets were 36" x 36" x   1/4" thick with open (untaped) edges."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gypsum.org_3-0"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-gypsum.org-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;b&gt;Gypsum Board&lt;/b&gt;" evolved between 1910 and 1930 beginning with    wrapped board edges, and elimination of the two inner layers of felt    paper in favor of paper-based facings. Providing efficiency of    installation, it was developed additionally as a measure of fire    resistance. &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-4"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Later &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_entrainment" title="Air entrainment"&gt;air entrainment&lt;/a&gt; technology made boards lighter and less brittle, then joint treatment materials and systems also evolved. "&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gypsum.org_3-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-gypsum.org-3"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; "&lt;b&gt;Rock Lath&lt;/b&gt;" was an early substrate for plaster. An alternative    to traditional wood or metal lath, it was a panel made up of compressed    gypsum plaster board that was sometimes grooved or punched with holes    to allow wet plaster to key into its surface. As it evolved, it was    faced with paper impregnated with gypsum crystals that bonded with the    applied facing layer of plaster.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-oldhouseweb.com_1-1"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-oldhouseweb.com-1"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Manufacture"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Manufacture"&gt;Manufacture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; A wallboard panel is made of a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper"&gt;paper&lt;/a&gt; liner wrapped around an inner core made primarily from &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_plaster" title="Gypsum plaster"&gt;gypsum plaster&lt;/a&gt;. The raw &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum"&gt;gypsum&lt;/a&gt;, CaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;·2 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, (mined or obtained from &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gas_desulfurization" title="Flue gas desulfurization"&gt;flue gas desulfurization&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGD" title="FGD"&gt;FGD&lt;/a&gt;)) must be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcination" title="Calcination"&gt;calcined&lt;/a&gt; before use to produce the hemihydrate of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_sulfate" title="Calcium sulfate"&gt;calcium sulfate&lt;/a&gt; (CaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;·½ H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O).    This is done in kettle or flash calciners, typically using natural  gas   today. The plaster is mixed with fiber (typically paper and/or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_%28fiber%29" title="Glass (fiber)"&gt;fiberglass&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizer" title="Plasticizer"&gt;plasticizer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foaming_agent" title="Foaming agent"&gt;foaming agent&lt;/a&gt;, finely ground gypsum crystal as an accelerator, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDTA" title="EDTA"&gt;EDTA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch" title="Starch"&gt;starch&lt;/a&gt; or other &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelate" title="Chelate"&gt;chelate&lt;/a&gt; as a retarder, various additives that may increase &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildew" title="Mildew"&gt;mildew&lt;/a&gt; and/or fire resistance (fiberglass or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite"&gt;vermiculite&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax" title="Wax"&gt;wax&lt;/a&gt; emulsion or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silanes" title="Silanes"&gt;silanes&lt;/a&gt;    for lower water absorption and water. This is then formed by    sandwiching a core of wet gypsum between two sheets of heavy paper or    fiberglass mats. When the core sets and is dried in a large drying    chamber, the sandwich becomes rigid and strong enough for use as a    building material.&lt;br /&gt;Drying chambers typically use natural gas today. To dry 1 MSF (1,000 square feet) of wallboard, between 1.75 and 2.49 million &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTU" title="BTU"&gt;BTU&lt;/a&gt; is required. Organic &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersants" title="Dispersants"&gt;dispersants&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticiser" title="Plasticiser"&gt;plasticisers&lt;/a&gt;    are used mainly to reduce the amount of water, hence reduce the    eventual drying time, needed to produce gypsum slurry flow during    wallboard manufacture.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-5"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Specifications"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Specifications"&gt;Specifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: USA and Canada"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="USA_and_Canada"&gt;USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; Drywall   panels are manufactured in 48 inches (120 cm) wide panels in  varying   lengths to suit the application. Common panel thicknesses are  1/2"   (13 mm) and 5/8" (16 mm), with panels also available in 1/4" (6 mm)  and   3/8" (10 mm). Both 1/2" (13 mm) and 5/8" (16 mm) panels of TYPE 'X'   (a  gypsum board with special core additives to increase the natural   fire  resistance of regular gypsum board&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-6"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;)    are used where a fire-resistance rating is desired. Regular 5/8"    (16 mm) panels are used (with or without light gauge resilient metal    channels) where additional mass is needed for the reduction of sound    transmission.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Drywall provides a thermal resistance &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_%28insulation%29" title="R-value (insulation)"&gt;R-value&lt;/a&gt;    (in US units) of 0.32 for 3/8" board, 0.45 for 1/2", 0.56 for 5/8",   and  0.83 for 1" board. In addition to increased R-value, thicker   drywall  has a higher &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_transmission_class" title="Sound transmission class"&gt;sound transmission class&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Europe"&gt;Europe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; In   the UK and Europe, plasterboard is manufactured in metric sizes,  with   the common sizes being corollaries of old imperial sizes.&lt;br /&gt;Most plasterboard is made in 120 cm wide sheets, though 90 cm and  60 cm   wide sheets are also made. 120 cm wide plasterboard is most  commonly   made in 240 cm lengths, though 270 cm and 300 cm length sheets  are  also  commonly available.&lt;br /&gt;Commonly used thicknesses of plasterboard available are 12.5 mm  (modern   equivalent of half an inch), typically used for walls, and  9.5 mm   (modern equivalent of three-eights of an inch), typically used  for   ceilings. 15 mm thick board is commonly available, and other    thicknesses are also produced.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Plasterboard is commonly made with one of two different edge    treatments—tapered edge, where the long edges of the board are tapered    with a wide bevel at the front to allow for jointing materials to be    finished flush with the main board face, and plain edge, used where the    whole surface will receive a thin coating (skim coat) of finishing    plaster.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Construction techniques"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Construction_techniques"&gt;Construction techniques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="thumb tleft"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_material_handler.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Drywall_material_handler.jpg/220px-Drywall_material_handler.jpg" width="220" height="163" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_material_handler.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Drywall   is delivered to a building site on a flatbed truck and unloaded  with a   forked material handler crane. The bulk drywall sheets are  unloaded   directly to upper floors via a window or exterior doorway.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;As opposed to a week-long plaster application, an entire house can be drywalled in one or two days by two experienced &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall_mechanic" title="Drywall mechanic"&gt;drywallers&lt;/a&gt;,    and drywall is easy enough to use that it can be installed by many    amateur home carpenters. In large-scale commercial construction, the    work of installing and finishing drywall is often split between the    drywall mechanics, or &lt;i&gt;hangers&lt;/i&gt;, who install the wallboard, and the &lt;i&gt;tapers&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;mudmen&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;float crew&lt;/i&gt;, who finish the joints and cover the nailheads with &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall_compound" title="Drywall compound"&gt;drywall compound&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Drywall is cut to size, using a large &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-square" title="T-square"&gt;T-square&lt;/a&gt;, by scoring the paper on the front side (usually white) with a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_knife" title="Utility knife"&gt;utility knife&lt;/a&gt;,    breaking the sheet along the cut, scoring the paper backing, and    finally breaking the sheet in the opposite direction. Small features    such as holes for outlets and light switches are usually cut using a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw"&gt;keyhole saw&lt;/a&gt; or a small high-speed bit in a rotary tool. Drywall is then fixed to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall" title="Wall"&gt;wall&lt;/a&gt; structure with &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_%28engineering%29" title="Nail (engineering)"&gt;nails&lt;/a&gt;, glue, or more commonly in recent years, the now-ubiquitous &lt;i&gt;drywall &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw" title="Screw"&gt;screws&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;i&gt;Drywall fasteners&lt;/i&gt;, also referred to as &lt;i&gt;drywall clips&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;stops&lt;/i&gt;,    are gaining popularity in both residential and commercial   construction.  Drywall fasteners are used for supporting interior   drywall corners and  replacing the non-structural wood or metal &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking" title="Blocking"&gt;blocking&lt;/a&gt;    that traditionally was used to install drywall. Their function serves    to save on material and labour expenses; to minimize call backs due  to &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Truss_uplift&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Truss uplift (page does not exist)"&gt;truss uplift&lt;/a&gt;; to increase &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use"&gt;energy efficiency&lt;/a&gt;; and to make plumbing and electrical installation simpler.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:206px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png/204px-Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png" width="204" height="96" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Drywall screws are designed to be self-tapping.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Drywall   screws heads have a curved taper, allowing them to self-pilot  and   install rapidly without punching through the paper cover. These  screws   are set slightly into the drywall. When drywall is hung on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_%28construction%29" title="Framing (construction)"&gt;wood framing&lt;/a&gt;, screws having an acute point and widely spaced threads are used. When drywall is hung on &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light-gauge&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Light-gauge (page does not exist)"&gt;light-gauge&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steel_framing&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Steel framing (page does not exist)"&gt;steel framing&lt;/a&gt;, screws having an acute point and finely spaced threads are used. If the steel framing is heavier than 20-&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge" title="Gauge"&gt;gauge&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-tapping" title="Self-tapping"&gt;self-tapping&lt;/a&gt; screws with finely spaced threads must be used. In some applications, the drywall may be attached to the wall with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive"&gt;adhesives&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Screwgun.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Screwgun.jpg/220px-Screwgun.jpg" width="220" height="177" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Screwgun.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Electric screw gun used to drive drywall screws&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;After the sheets are secured to the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_Framing_Method" title="Platform Framing Method"&gt;wall studs&lt;/a&gt; or ceiling &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joist" title="Joist"&gt;joists&lt;/a&gt;, the seams between drywall sheets are concealed using &lt;i&gt;joint tape&lt;/i&gt; and several layers of &lt;i&gt;joint compound&lt;/i&gt; (sometimes called &lt;i&gt;mud&lt;/i&gt;).    This compound is also applied to any screw holes or defects. The    compound is allowed to air dry then typically sanded smooth before    painting. Alternatively, for a better finish, the entire wall may be    given a &lt;i&gt;skim coat&lt;/i&gt;, a thin layer (about 1 mm or 1/16 inch) of    finishing compound, to minimize the visual differences between the paper    and mudded areas after painting.&lt;br /&gt;Another similar skim coating is always done in a process called  veneer   plastering, although it is done slightly thicker (about 2 mm or    1/8 inch). Veneering uses a slightly different specialized setting    compound ("finish plaster") that contains gypsum and lime &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putty" title="Putty"&gt;putty&lt;/a&gt;.    This application uses blueboard, which has special treated paper to    accelerate the setting of the gypsum plaster component. This setting  has   far less shrinkage than the air-dry compounds normally used in   drywall,  so it only requires one coat. Blueboard also has square edges   rather  than the tapered-edge drywall boards. The tapered drywall  boards  are  used to countersink the tape in taped jointing whereas the  tape in   veneer plastering is buried beneath a level surface. One coat  veneer   plaster over dry board is an intermediate style step between  full   multi-coat "wet" plaster and the limited joint-treatment-only  given   "dry" wall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Water damage and mold"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Water_damage_and_mold"&gt;Water damage and mold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="thumb tright"&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_splotch.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Drywall_splotch.jpg/250px-Drywall_splotch.jpg" width="250" height="188" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div class="thumbcaption"&gt;&lt;div class="magnify"&gt;&lt;a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_splotch.jpg" title="Enlarge"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Drywall water damage in a closet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Drywall is easily damaged by exposure to water. While it can be waterproofed through &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond"&gt;covalent&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofing" title="Waterproofing"&gt;waterproofing&lt;/a&gt;, if waterproofing is absent or if the waterproofing layer is punctured, &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/maho/yohoyohe/momo/momo_007.cfm" rel="nofollow"&gt;water will cause drywall to swell and eventually disintegrate, requiring replacement&lt;/a&gt;. Drywall is a porous, lightweight substance that &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.ncma.org/resources/Marketing%20Resources/Mold%20Materials/Aug03CMD.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;supports the growth of mold&lt;/a&gt;. It is for this reason that &lt;a class="external text" href="http://homerenovations.about.com/od/wallsandtrim/a/artgreenboard.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;greenboard&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_board" title="Cement board"&gt;cement board&lt;/a&gt; is used for rooms expected to have high humidity.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Fire resistance"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Fire_resistance"&gt;Fire resistance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; When used as a component in fire barriers, drywall is a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_fire_protection" title="Passive fire protection"&gt;passive fire protection&lt;/a&gt; item. In its natural state, gypsum contains the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization" title="Water of crystallization"&gt;water of crystallization&lt;/a&gt; bound in the form of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate"&gt;hydrates&lt;/a&gt;. When exposed to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat" title="Heat"&gt;heat&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire" title="Fire"&gt;fire&lt;/a&gt;,    this water is vapourised, retarding heat transfer. Therefore, a fire   in  one room that is separated from an adjacent room by a   fire-resistance  rated drywall assembly will not cause this adjacent   room to get any  warmer than the boiling point (100°C) until the water   in the gypsum is  gone. This makes &lt;b&gt;drywall&lt;/b&gt; an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation" title="Ablation"&gt;ablative&lt;/a&gt;    material because as the hydrates sublime, a crumbly dust is left    behind, which, along with the paper, is sacrificial. Generally, the more    layers of Type X drywall one adds, the more one increases the    fire-resistance of the assembly, be it horizontal or vertical. Evidence    of this can be found both in publicly available design catalogues,    including, but not limited to DIN4102 Part 4 and the Canadian Building    Code on the topic, as well as common certification listings, including    but not limited to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certification_listing" title="Certification listing"&gt;certification listings&lt;/a&gt; provided by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" title="Underwriters Laboratories"&gt;Underwriters Laboratories&lt;/a&gt;    and Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC). "Type X" drywall is    formulated by adding glass fibers to the gypsum, to increase the    resistance to fires, especially once the hydrates are spent, which    leaves the gypsum in powder form. Type X is typically the material    chosen to construct walls and ceilings that are required to have a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-resistance_rating" title="Fire-resistance rating"&gt;fire-resistance rating&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="gallery" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Drywall_firestop_problem1.jpg/81px-Drywall_firestop_problem1.jpg" width="81" height="120" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;A typical fire problem—the measures taken by the plumbers and the drywallers are at cross-purposes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Drywall_firestop_problem2.jpg/81px-Drywall_firestop_problem2.jpg" width="81" height="120" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Another example: this &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel" title="Steel"&gt;steel&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeve_%28construction%29" title="Sleeve (construction)"&gt;sleeve&lt;/a&gt;, a penetrant, causes more problems than it solves.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Drywall_firestop_problem3.jpg/79px-Drywall_firestop_problem3.jpg" width="79" height="119" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Penetrants have been punched and burned through drywall, compromising its integrity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:34px 0pt;width:150px"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_shaft_damage.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Drywall_shaft_damage.jpg/120px-Drywall_shaft_damage.jpg" width="120" height="78" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Mechanical shaft with compromised fire-resistance rating through pipe installation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:33px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Drywall_firestop_problem4.jpg/120px-Drywall_firestop_problem4.jpg" width="120" height="80" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Finished, painted, fire-resistance rated drywall assembly. A common &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficiency" title="Deficiency"&gt;deficiency&lt;/a&gt;: Lift ceiling tiles and find electrical and mechanical service penetrations without a firestop.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_reality.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Drywall_reality.jpg/92px-Drywall_reality.jpg" width="92" height="119" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Improper drywall and absent firestops&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:36px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt; &lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:How_cambrian_college.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/How_cambrian_college.jpg/120px-How_cambrian_college.jpg" width="120" height="74" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Improper firestop and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing"&gt;fireproofing&lt;/a&gt; interface, August 2000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt; &lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:19px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cambrian_college_no_firestop_1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cambrian_college_no_firestop_1.jpg/120px-Cambrian_college_no_firestop_1.jpg" width="120" height="108" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;Improper breach of fire-resistance rated drywall assembly, August 2000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div class="gallerybox" style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div class="thumb" style="padding:21px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nortown_plastic_pipe_drywall.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nortown_plastic_pipe_drywall.jpg/120px-Nortown_plastic_pipe_drywall.jpg" width="120" height="104" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gallerytext"&gt;The "I-was-there-first" scenario, resulting in improper drywall firestops with plastic &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping" title="Piping"&gt;piping&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Fire testing of drywall assemblies for the purpose of expanding national catalogues, such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Building_Code_of_Canada" title="National Building Code of Canada"&gt;National Building Code of Canada&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;'s Part 4 of DIN4102 and its British cousin BS476, are a matter of routine &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development"&gt;research and development&lt;/a&gt;    work in more than one nation and can be sponsored jointly by national    authorities and representatives of the drywall industry. For example,    the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Council_of_Canada" title="National Research Council of Canada"&gt;National Research Council of Canada&lt;/a&gt; routinely publishes such findings.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-7"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    The results are printed as approved designs in the back of the   building  code. Generally, exposure of drywall on a panel furnace   removes the  water and calcines the exposed drywall and also heats the   studs and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener"&gt;fasteners&lt;/a&gt; holding the drywall. This typically results in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_%28engineering%29" title="Deflection (engineering)"&gt;deflection&lt;/a&gt; of the assembly towards the fire, as that is the location where the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_%28chemistry%29" title="Sublimation (chemistry)"&gt;sublimation&lt;/a&gt; occurs, which weakens the assembly, due to the fire influence.&lt;br /&gt; When tests are cosponsored, resulting in code recognized designs with    assigned fire-resistance ratings, the resulting designs become part of    the code and are not limited to use by any one manufacturer, provided    the material used in the field configuration can be demonstrated to  meet   the minimum requirements of Type X drywall (such as an entry in  the   appropriate category of the UL Building Materials Directory) and  that   sufficient layers and thicknesses are used. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_test" title="Fire test"&gt;Fire test&lt;/a&gt; reports for such unique third party tests are confidential.&lt;br /&gt;Deflection of drywall assemblies is important to consider to maintain    the integrity of drywall assemblies in order to preserve their ratings.    The deflection of drywall assemblies can vary somewhat from one test  to   another. Importantly, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrant" title="Penetrant"&gt;penetrants&lt;/a&gt; do not follow the deflection movement of the drywall assemblies they penetrate. For example, see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_tray" title="Cable tray"&gt;cable tray&lt;/a&gt; movement in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tray_cross_barrier.jpg" title="File:Tray cross barrier.jpg"&gt;German test&lt;/a&gt;. It is, therefore, important to test &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop"&gt;firestops&lt;/a&gt;    in full scale wall panel tests, so that the deflection of each    applicable assembly can be taken into account. The size of the test wall    assembly alone is not the only consideration for firestop tests. If   the  penetrants are mounted to and hung off the drywall assembly itself    during the test, this does not constitute a realistic deflection    exposure insofar as the firestop is concerned. In reality, on a    construction site, penetrants are hung off the ceiling above. Penetrants    may increase in length, push and pull as a result of operational    temperature changes (&lt;i&gt;e.g.&lt;/i&gt;, hot and cold water in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pipe" title="Water pipe"&gt;pipe&lt;/a&gt;),    particularly in a fire, but it is a physical impossibility to have  the   penetrants follow the movement of drywall assemblies that they    penetrate, since they are not mounted to the drywalls in a building. It    is, therefore, counterproductive to suspend penetrants from the  drywall   assembly during a fire test. As downward deflection of the  drywall   assembly and buckling towards the fire occurs, the top of the  firestop   is squeezed and the bottom of the firestop is pulled, and  this is motion   over and above that, which is caused by the expansion  of metallic   penetrants, due to heat exposure in a fire. Both types of  motion occur   in reality, because metal first expands in a fire and  then softens once   the critical temperature has been reached, as is  explained under &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel"&gt;structural steel&lt;/a&gt;.    To simulate the drywall deflection effect, one can simply mount the    penetrants to the steel frame holding the test assembly. The  operational   and fire induced motion of the penetrants, which is  independent of the   assemblies penetrated, can be separately arranged.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9" title="Edit section: North American market"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="North_American_market"&gt;North American market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; North   America is one of the largest gypsum board users in the world  with a   total wallboard plant capacity of 42 billion square feet per year    (world wide 85 billion square feet per year).&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-8"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    Moreover, the home building and remodeling markets in North America    have increased demand the last five years. The gypsum board market is    one of the biggest beneficiaries of the housing boom as "an average new    American home contains more than 7.31 metric tons of gypsum."&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-9"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The introduction in March 2005 of the Clean Air Interstate Rule by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency"&gt;United States Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/a&gt; requires power plants to "cut sulfur dioxide emissions by 73%" by 2018.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-10"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    The Clean Air Interstate Rule also requested that the power plants    install new scrubbers (industrial pollution control devices) to remove    sulfur dioxide present in the output waste gas. Scrubbers use the    technique of flue gas desulfurization (FGD), which produces synthetic    gypsum as a usable by-product. In response to the new supply of this raw    material, the gypsum board market was predicted to shift   significantly.  However, issues such as mercury release during calcining   need to be  resolved.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-11"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Waste"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Waste"&gt;Waste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; Because up to 17% of drywall is wasted during the manufacturing and installation processes&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2007"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;    and the drywall material is frequently not re-used, disposal can   become  a problem. Some landfill sites have banned the dumping of   drywall. Some  manufacturers take back waste wallboard from construction   sites and  recycle it into new wallboard. Recycled paper is typically   used during  manufacturing. More recently, recycling at the  construction  site itself  is being investigated. There is potential for  using  crushed drywall to  amend certain soils at building sites, such  as &lt;a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodic" title="wikt:sodic"&gt;sodic&lt;/a&gt; clay and silt mixtures (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_mud" title="Bay mud"&gt;bay mud&lt;/a&gt;), as well as using it in compost.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-12"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Types available in the USA and Canada"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Types_available_in_the_USA_and_Canada"&gt;Types available in the USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Regular white board, from 1/4" to 3/4" thickness&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fire-resistant ("Type X"), different thickness and multiple layers    of wallboard provide increased fire rating based on the time a specific    wall assembly can withstand a standardized fire test. Often &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlite" title="Perlite"&gt;perlite&lt;/a&gt;, vermiculite and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boric_acid" title="Boric acid"&gt;boric acid&lt;/a&gt; are added to improve fire resistance.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Greenboard, the drywall that contains an oil-based additive in the    green colored paper covering that provides moisture resistance. It is    commonly used in washrooms and other areas expected to experience    elevated levels of humidity.&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Blueboard, blue face paper forms a strong bond with a skim coat or a    built-up plaster finish providing both water and mold resistance.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_board" title="Cement board"&gt;Cement board&lt;/a&gt;, which is more water-resistant than greenboard, for use in showers or sauna rooms, and as a base for ceramic tile&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Soundboard is made from wood fibers to increase the sound rating (STC)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Soundproof drywall is a laminated drywall made with gypsum, other    materials, and damping polymers to significantly increase the STC&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Mold-resistant, paperless drywall&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enviroboard" title="Enviroboard"&gt;Enviroboard&lt;/a&gt;, a board made from recycled agricultural materials&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lead-lined drywall, a drywall used around radiological equipment&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Foil-backed drywall to control moisture in a building or room&lt;sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Controlled density (CD), also called ceiling board, which is    available only in 1/2" thickness and is significantly stiffer than    regular white board.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;EcoRock, a drywall which uses a combination of 20 materials    including recycled fly ash, slag, kiln dust and fillers and no starch    cellulose; it is advertised as being environmentally-friendly due to the    use of recycled materials and an energy efficient process.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-13"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gypsum "Firecode C." This board is similar in composition to Type    X,except that it has more glass fibers,and, it has another ingredient in    the gypsum core. This ingredient is a shrinkage-compensating  additive,  a  form of vermiculite. When exposed to high heat, the gypsum  core  shrinks  but the shrinkage-compensating element expands at about  the  same rate  as shrinkage occurs in the water-depleted gypsum.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The gypsum core then is more stable in a fire and remains in place    even after the combined water in the gypsum has been driven off.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Common drywall tools"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Common_drywall_tools"&gt;Common drywall tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_%28furniture%29" title="Bench (furniture)"&gt;Benches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk_line" title="Chalk line"&gt;Chalk line&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Corner &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trowel" title="Trowel"&gt;trowel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Dimpler&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall adhesive glue guns&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall cart&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall fastener&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall (hatchet) hammer&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall lifter&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall jack&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screws" title="Screws"&gt;screws&lt;/a&gt; and nails&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Electric &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screwdriver" title="Screwdriver"&gt;screwdriver&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw"&gt;Keyhole saw&lt;/a&gt; or drywall router&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Pencil&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surform" title="Surform"&gt;Surform&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_gun" title="Screw gun"&gt;Screw gun&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stud_finder" title="Stud finder"&gt;Stud finder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_measure" title="Tape measure"&gt;Tape measure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taping_knife" title="Taping knife"&gt;Taping knife&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;T-square&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Utility knife&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Levels of finish"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Levels_of_finish"&gt;Levels of finish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; "In   1990, four major trade associations, the Association of Wall and    Ceiling Industries International (AWCI), the Ceilings and Interior    Systems Construction Association (CISCA), the Gypsum Association (GA),    and the Painting and Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA),  presented   the consensus document Levels of &lt;b&gt;Gypsum Board&lt;/b&gt; Finish.  The   document was created to "precisely describe" the desired finish  of walls   and ceilings prior to final decoration. This precise  description   enables contractors to better understand the requirements  of architects   and building owners in order to enhance the satisfaction  of the client.   Specifications that include the Levels of Gypsum Board  Finish also   promote competitive bidding that allows the bidder to  consider the   correct labor and materials to finish the wall suitably  for its final   decoration." &lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-14"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The official document (summarized below) is known as &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgypsum.com/literature/GA-214-96.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;GA-214-96 "Recommended Levels of Gypsum Board Finish"&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Level 0"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Level_0"&gt;Level 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; No taping, finishing, or accessories required.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Temporary construction or when final decoration is undetermined.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Level 1"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Level_1"&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape set in joint compound.    Surface shall be free of excess joint compound. Tool marks and ridges    are acceptable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Above false ceilings or other areas that are out of public view where a degree of fire and noise resistance is required.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Level 2"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Level_2"&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and wiped with a joint knife leaving a thin coating of joint  compound   over all joints and interior angles. Fastener heads and  accessories   shall be covered with a coat of joint compound. Surface  shall be free   of excess joint compound. Tool marks and ridges are  acceptable. Joint   compound applied over the body of the tape at the time  of tape   embedment shall be considered a separate coat of joint compound  and   shall satisfy the conditions of this level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: As a substrate for tile walls and ceilings as well as  in   garages, warehouses, and other places where appearance is not a   primary  concern.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Level 3"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Level_3"&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and one additional coat of joint compound applied over all  joints and   interior angles. Fastener heads and accessories shall be  covered with   two separate coats of joint compound. All joint compound  shall be   smooth and free of tool marks and ridges. It is recommended  that the   prepared surface be coated with a drywall primer prior to the    application of final finishes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Suitable base for heavy-medium textured paint or other thick finishes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Level 4"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Level_4"&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and two separate coats of joint compound applied over all flat  joints   and one separate coat of joint compound applied over interior  angles.   Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with three  separate   coats of joint compound. All joint compound shall be smooth and  free of   tool marks and ridges. It is recommended that the prepared  surface be   coated with a drywall primer prior to the application of  final   finishes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: "Standard" household and office walls. Used with light  or   non-textured finishes. Not suitable for harsh lighting conditions,    which may highlight minor imperfections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Level 5"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Level_5"&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and two separate coats of joint compound applied over all flat  joints   and one separate coat of joint compound applied over interior  angles.   Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with three  separate   coats of joint compound. A thin skim coat of joint compound, or  a   material manufactured especially for this purpose, shall be applied  to   the entire surface. The surface shall be smooth and free of tool  marks   and ridges. It is recommended that the prepared surface be coated   with a  drywall primer prior to the application of finish paint. The  skim  coat  is a final leveling agent suitable to smooth out a surface  to be  used  under the harshest lighting conditions that may otherwise  highlight  any  imperfections under the finished surface.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Gloss and entirely non-textured surfaces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Defective Chinese imports"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Defective_Chinese_imports"&gt;Defective Chinese imports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"&gt;Main article: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Chinese_drywall_controversy" title="2009 Chinese drywall controversy"&gt;2009 Chinese drywall controversy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;There   are reports that a substantial amount of defective drywall was    imported into the United States from China and incorporated into tens of    thousands of homes during rebuilding in 2006 and 2007 following    Hurricane Katrina and in other places. Complaints include foul odor,    health effects, and corrosion of metal within the structure. The same    drywall was sold in Asia without problems resulting, but U.S. homes    built much more tightly than homes in China, with less ventilation. A    number of lawsuits are underway in many jurisdictions, but many of the    sheets of drywall are simply marked, "Made in China", thus making    identification of the Chinese manufacturer difficult. An investigation    by the &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Commission" title="Consumer Product Safety Commission"&gt;Consumer Product Safety Commission&lt;/a&gt;, CPSC, was underway in 2009.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-15"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    In November 2009, the CPSC reported a "strong association" between    Chinese drywall and corrosion of pipes and wires reported by thousands    of homeowners in the United States. Further findings have shown that    volatile sulfur compounds, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide"&gt;hydrogen sulfide&lt;/a&gt;,    have been detected as emissions from the imported drywall and may be    linked to health problems. Volatile sulfur compounds are emitted from    many different types of drywall, and at least one investigation has    pointed to high levels being emitted from drywalls manufactured in the    United States.&lt;sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-16"&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=21" title="Edit section: See also"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="See_also"&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div style=""&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark"&gt;Certification mark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compartmentalization_%28engineering%29" title="Compartmentalization (engineering)"&gt;Compartmentalization&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction" title="Construction"&gt;Construction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothermic" title="Endothermic"&gt;Endothermic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection"&gt;Fire protection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_%28construction%29" title="Firewall (construction)"&gt;Firewall (construction)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homasote" title="Homasote"&gt;Homasote&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockdown_texture" title="Knockdown texture"&gt;Knockdown&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification"&gt;Product certification&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuietRock" title="QuietRock"&gt;QuietRock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Gypsum" title="United States Gypsum"&gt;United States Gypsum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=22" title="Edit section: References"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="References"&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style=""&gt;&lt;div class="references"&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-0"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-0"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://teaohou.natlib.govt.nz/journals/teaohou/image/Mao46TeA/Mao46TeA062.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;TE AO HOU THE MAORI MAGAZINE[electronic resource]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-oldhouseweb.com-1"&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-oldhouseweb.com_1-0"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-oldhouseweb.com_1-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.oldhouseweb.com/how-to-advice/repairing-historic-flat-plaster-walls-and-ceilings-introduction.shtml" rel="nofollow"&gt;Repairing Historic Flat Plaster Walls and Ceilings By The Old House Web&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-National_Park_Service:_Preservation_Brief_21:_Repairing_Historic_Flat_Plaster--Walls_and_Ceilings-2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-National_Park_Service:_Preservation_Brief_21:_Repairing_Historic_Flat_Plaster--Walls_and_Ceilings_2-0"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/TPS/briefs/brief21.htm#Historical%20Background" rel="nofollow"&gt;Preservation Brief 21: Repairing Historic Flat Plaster-Walls and Ceilings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-gypsum.org-3"&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-gypsum.org_3-0"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-gypsum.org_3-1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.gypsum.org/mediaguide.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.gypsum.org/mediaguide.html&lt;/a&gt; Gypsum Association History of Gypsum Board&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-4"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-4"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span class="citation web"&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.drywalltips.org/background.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;"Drywall"&lt;/a&gt;. DrywallTips.org&lt;span class="printonly"&gt;. &lt;a class="external free" href="http://www.drywalltips.org/background.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.drywalltips.org/background.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="reference-accessdate"&gt;. Retrieved 2010-12-03&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Drywall&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.pub=DrywallTips.org&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drywalltips.org%2Fbackground.htm&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Drywall"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-5"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-5"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Global Gypsum Magazine, January 2009, p. 18&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-6"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-6"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; *&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.gypsum.org/pdf/GA-600-09_Print_7_Megs.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Gypsum Association - Fire Resistance Design Manual (GA-600-2009)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-7"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-7"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc41733/nrcc41733.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Performance of wood stud shear walls exposed to fire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-8"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-8"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/gypsumcs06.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-9"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-9"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/gypsmyb01.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Donald W. Olson (2002) &lt;i&gt;Gypsum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; History and production&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-10"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-10"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/cair/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Clean Air Interstate Rule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-11"&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-11"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.flyash.info/2003/75heeb.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Mercury Release from FGD Gypsum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li id="cite_note-12"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-12"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080421224805/http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Markets/StatusRpts/Inerts.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Recycled Inerts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-13"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-13"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/bown/2008/product/serious-materials-ecorock" rel="nofollow"&gt;Serious Materials EcoRock&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Popular Science&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-14"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-14"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgypsum.com/resources/techtalk/revisiting.aspx" rel="nofollow"&gt;National Gypsum Company: Levels of Gypsum Board Finish&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-15"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-15"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/08/business/08drywall.html" rel="nofollow"&gt;"Thousands of U.S. Homeowners Cite Drywall for Ills"&lt;/a&gt; article by Leslie Wayne in &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; October 7, 2009&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li id="cite_note-16"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-16"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/11/23/cbsnews_investigates/main5752469.shtml?tag=cbsnewsTwoColUpperPromoArea" rel="nofollow"&gt;Homeowners Charge U.S. Made Toxic Drywall - CBS News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=23" title="Edit section: External links"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="mw-headline" id="External_links"&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170)"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-image"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="mbox-text"&gt;Wikimedia Commons has media related to: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a class="extiw" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drywalls" title="commons:Category:Drywalls"&gt;Drywall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.gypsum.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Gypsum Association, an organization of manufacturers of gypsum board in the U.S. and Canada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.iagram.com/index.php/diagrams?func=detail&amp;amp;id=99" rel="nofollow"&gt;Cut-away diagram of soundproof drywall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&amp;amp;an=5753664&amp;amp;article=17&amp;amp;lang=en" rel="nofollow"&gt;Results    of 22 tests run at National Research Council of Canada, M.A. Sultan   and  G.D. Lougheed, some passed, some failed, determining influence of    various factors in the design of drywall assemblies.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.ncma.org/resources/Marketing%20Resources/Articles%20for%20Print%20and%20Radio/How%20to%20Prevent%20and%20Control%20mold%20in%20Your%20Home/Mold.htm" rel="nofollow"&gt;Article on preventing mold growth in lightweight construction such as drywall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.ncma.org/resources/Documents/Fire%20Safety%20Materials/WallAssemblies.pdf" rel="nofollow"&gt;Fire    Test Report per ASTM E119 on Drywall Assemblies with Hose Stream run    immediately following Fire Exposure, including pictures.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class="external text" href="http://www.drywallca.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;Drywall Information Trust Fund&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="printfooter"&gt;Retrieved from "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;/div&gt; 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&lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drop Ceilings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, any form of Acoustical ceilings and finishes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Stair installment and removal&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Siding repair and Installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Aluminum or Vinyl Siding removal and installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Roof repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, roof removal&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, roof installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, flat roofs&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, all roofs, roof deicing, gutter cleaning&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, gutter repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, gutter installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, interior and exterior decorative trim installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, crown molding installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Custom Deck Building&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Deck Repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Tile flooring and other flooring needs&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Tile walls&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Rehabbing houses&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, rehabbing homes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, rehabbing buildings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, rehabbing properties&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling homes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling houses&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling buildings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling properties&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Restoring houses&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, restoring homes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, restoring buildings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, restoring properties&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, bathroom remodeling&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, kitchen remodeling&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, home additions&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, noise prevention&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, sound barriers, sound control&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Michigan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;span class="post-author vcard"&gt; Posted by &lt;span class="fn"&gt;Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="post-timestamp"&gt; at &lt;a class="timestamp-link" href="http://www.paintermichigan.com/2011/02/eastpointe-painting-contractor.html" rel="bookmark" title="permanent link"&gt;&lt;abbr class="published" title="2012-01-13T01:04:00-08:00"&gt;1:04 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-1968382356558578699?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/1968382356558578699'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/1968382356558578699'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2012/01/west-bloomfield-painters-michigan_14.html' title='Michigan Painting Contractors'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-omfkwXBqsyg/TxCngc3sveI/AAAAAAAAAOc/EGuanxDKP9M/s72-c/Custom+Interior+Painting+in+Oakland+County+Mi..jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-7906285943917956295</id><published>2012-01-14T21:23:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-14T22:36:15.958-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Painting in Michigan</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.paintermichigan.com/2011/02/eastpointe-painting-contractor.html" target="_blank"&gt;Michigan Painters (248) 787-0963&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc&lt;/a&gt; is a local Michigan Painting and Drywall Contractor  with over 15 years experience, located in the &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;West Bloomfield, Oakland County Michigan area&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;.  We provide our services to the Metro Detroit, Oakland County, Macomb County and Wayne County areas of Michigan. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We provide &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_132572402"&gt;quality &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://detroitpainters.blogspot.com/"&gt;residential&lt;/a&gt;, industrial and commercial&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt; interior and exterior painting, drywall installation, drywall finishing, drywall repairs along with other &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;remodeling and restoration services&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table style="float:left;margin-right:1em;text-align:left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-omfkwXBqsyg/TxCngc3sveI/AAAAAAAAAOc/EGuanxDKP9M/s1600/Custom+Interior+Painting+in+Oakland+County+Mi..jpg" style="clear:left;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-omfkwXBqsyg/TxCngc3sveI/AAAAAAAAAOc/EGuanxDKP9M/s1600/Custom+Interior+Painting+in+Oakland+County+Mi..jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:center"&gt;Interior Living room painted in Mi.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table style="float:right;margin-left:1em;text-align:right" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sn6M7KA-KA0/TxCouEQQpUI/AAAAAAAAAOk/FOiPbZ3US2E/s1600/interior-house-painting3.jpg" style="clear:right;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sn6M7KA-KA0/TxCouEQQpUI/AAAAAAAAAOk/FOiPbZ3US2E/s320/interior-house-painting3.jpg" width="320" border="0" height="156" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align:center"&gt;Michigan Custom Interior Painting&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We pride ourselves on attention to detail and custom quality  work so  you can rest assure that the ending results of anything we touch  will  be as good as gold! &lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;If you're looking for reliable and quality workmanship in the South East region of Michigan, call &lt;a href="tel:248-787-0963" value="+12487870963" target="_blank"&gt;248-787-0963&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Custom Painting for the Quality Conscious Business and Homeowner's&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Premium Grade Coatings Used&lt;br /&gt;• Thorough Surface Preparation&lt;br /&gt;• Fully Insured&lt;br /&gt;• Quality Guaranteed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For a free estimate and other services, please contact us at &lt;a href="tel:%28248%29%20787-0963" value="+12487870963" target="_blank"&gt;(248) 787-0963&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="Times New Roman&amp;quot;,seriffont-family:Georgia,&amp;quot;;" &gt;Do  you live in Michigan or are you doing Business in Michigan? Are you in  need of a Reliable and Quality Painting and Drywall Contractor?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;We focus on individual service and attention to detail that produces dramatic results in a personal, &lt;b&gt;professional and cost-effective&lt;/b&gt; manner. We take great pride in our ability to provide professional service and efficient completion of all our project needs.&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;Within the many years of experience  that Golden Touch Painting and Drywall has had in the  commercial,  industrial and residential areas of interior and exterior painting,   drywall hanging, drywall finishing, carpentry, and many other remodeling  and restoration services in  the &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt;  area, our team of precision quality interior painters, exterior  painters, drywall  hangers, drywall finishers and carpenters can take  care of almost any situation  within these fields of operation! From a  straightforward paint job to  a complete renovation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:left"&gt;We  have been contracted to paint, remodel or  restore nearly every type of  structure, be it a restaurant, an historic property, an apartment  complex, a Home Owners Association, a custom home, a place of  business,  an entire commercial office complex or an industrial site, we've done  it all. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc is a company who has worked hard  to earn a reputation for our quality  craftsmanship and we look forward  to showing the residents of Oakland  County Michigan that it is well  deserved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in;text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Let us restore and keep the value of your home or place of business! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Oakland County Michigan's Golden Touch Painting and Drywall  Company  understands that your home or business can be one of your  most valuable  assets, so we strive to make the finished product  something that helps  retain its value for decades to come. Our friendly  and respectful  staff will treat your house or place of business like it  was their own  and our crews are trained to be responsive and hassle-free  when dealing  with clients.  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We do our best to try to give you your  privacy while we work and  will be more than happy to thoroughly answer  any questions you may have&lt;/b&gt;.  Our quotation process is simple, without  convoluted processes and  fees. Step by step, Golden touch Painting and  Drywall experts will walk  you through your home or place of business to  understand the precise  needs of each individual room for any interior remodeling questions and  inspect every curve and nook on the outside for exterior  work. &lt;b&gt;Golden  Touch Painting and Drywall's thorough and experienced  Michigan  painting and drywall staff will make sure your home or  businesses  painting project, remodeling project or restoration project  is  complete, on-budget and on-time!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;It is important to us to build a strong  relationship with you the  communities, business owners, home owners and contractors  which we  serve. It's our goal to leave every customer satisfied,  wanting to use  us for many years to come and also recommend us to  others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whether you're a perfectionist looking for the best quality custom work or a &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Realtor&lt;/a&gt;  simply looking to quickly fix up a property, you can assure Golden  Touch Painting and Drywall Inc will provide the necessary services you  need with golden results. We strive to be one of Michigan's leading  interior and exterior painting, drywall, and carpentry companies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Are you looking for Professionalism?  Well you found it!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall's   team of qualified professionals undergo thorough training in advanced   painting, drywall and carpentry techniques and safety operations. Our   staff has a positive and helpful approach towards answering customers'   questions and addressing your needs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Attention to &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;detail and custom  finishes&lt;/a&gt;  are our priorities. The most important part of a top-quality  paint job  is not just the painting, it is the preparation before paint  is  applied. Remember that paint is only as good as the surface it goes  on.  We take meticulous care in surface preparation and selection of   outstanding surfacing materials and finishes in which we use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Believe   it or not but carpentry, drywall and painting all deal with one   another, each depending on the other to look there best, so when you   have the best experts in each one of the field's putting together top   quality work, you can bet on a &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;A1 top notch quality&lt;/a&gt; job being performed,  and that's what Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc delivers to all  of our customers.&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall   recognizes the importance of providing our services at times that are   convenient and necessary to you. Therefore, &lt;b&gt;we provide crews on off-hours and weekends so our work will not interfere with your normal day-to-day operations and business.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;For   our employees, we encourage the free exchange of ideas and provide   opportunities for training, employment, career advancement, and economic   security fairly and equally to all who would apply themselves, as well   as to provide a safe working environment by establishing good safety   practices in compliance with current federal, state and local laws.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michigan's Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc. is a group of  painting, drywall and carpentry craftsman devoted to expanding painting,  drywall and carpentry knowledge, and to &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;preserve and beautify Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt; and the surrounding areas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please do not get us mixed up with your regular ordinary handyman  service or other painting contractors in the Michigan area, because all  of the individuals that work for &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc&lt;/a&gt;  are professional and reliable craftsman, each specializing in there own  field of operations with many years of experience under there belts.  For instance, we have certain painters who are more knowledgeable and  experienced dealing with &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;high end residential custom repaints&lt;/a&gt;,  also we have other professional painters who are more experienced with  commercial painting aspects, others who are more experienced with  interior painting, and others who are more experienced with exterior  painting and the same goes for our drywall crews and carpentry crews.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So whatever your needs might be, you can rest assure that &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc of West Bloomfield&lt;/a&gt;  Oakland County Michigan will provide you with the best qualified  professionals, performing the best quality work and craftsmanship  available each in there own fields of operation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt; Specials:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;15% off- complete repaints of Residential Exteriors to the first 20 customers to sign up for the spring and summer 2011 season.&lt;br /&gt;10% off- complete repaints of Residential interiors (Dec. – Apr.&lt;br /&gt;Multiple room discounts, Realtor discounts&lt;br /&gt;Referral bonuses&lt;br /&gt;Preferred customer discounts&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;We are happy to provide our  Interior and Exterior Painting, drywall and carpentry services to all of  these communities and cities in the Oakland, Macomb &amp;amp; Wayne  Counties of Michigan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Oakland County Michigan&lt;/a&gt;,  Addison Township 48367, Addison Twp 48367, Auburn Hills 48321, Auburn  Hills 48326, Berkley 48072, Beverly Hills 48025, Bingham Farms 48025,  Birmingham 48009, Birmingham 48012, Bloomfield 48301, Bloomfield 48302,  Bloomfield 48303, Bloomfield 48304, Bloomfield Hills 48301, Bloomfield  Hills 48302, Bloomfield Hills 48303, Bloomfield Hills 48304, Bloomfield  Township 48301, Bloomfield Township 48302, Bloomfield Township 48303,  Bloomfield Township 48304, Bloomfield Twp 48303, Bloomfield Village  48301, Bloomfield Hls 48303, Bloomfield Twp 48303, Clarkston 48346,  Clarkston 48347, Clarkston 48348, Clawson 48017, Commerce Township  48382, Commerce Township 48390, Commerce Twp 48382, Commerce Twp 48390,  Davisburg 48350, Detroit 48220, Detroit 48237, Drayton Plains 48330,  Drayton Plns 48330, Farmington Hls 48331, Farmington Hls 48332,  Farmington Hls 48333, Farmington Hls 48334, Farmington Hls 48335,  Farmington Hls 48336, Farmington 48331, Farmington 48332, Farmington  48333, Farmington 48334Farmington 48335, Farmington 48336, Farmington  Hills 48331, Farmington Hills 48332, Farmington Hills 48333, Farmington  Hills 48334, Farmington Hills 48335,, Farmington Hills 48336, Farmington  Hls 48331, Farmington Hls 48332, Farmington Hls 48333, Farmington Hls  48334, Farmington Hls 48335, Farmington Hls 48336, Ferndale 48220,  Franklin 48025, Goodison 48306, Hazel Park 48030, Highland 48356,  Highland 48357, Holly 48442, Huntington Wds 48070, Huntington Woods  48070, Independence 48346, Independence 48348, Keego Harbor 48320, Lake  Angelus 48326, Lake Orion 48359, Lake Orion 48360, Lake Orion 48361,  Lake Orion 48362, Lakeville 48366, Lathrup Village 48076, Lathrup Vlg  48076, Leonard 48367, Madison Heights 48071, Madison Hts 48071, MI Metro  48340, Milford 48380, Milford 48381, New Hudson 48165, Novi 48374, Novi  48375, Novi 48376, Novi 48377, Oak Park 48237, Oakland 48306, Oakland  48363, Oakland Township 48306, Oakland Twp 48306, Orchard Lake 48323,  Orchard Lake 48324, Orion 48359, Orion 48360, Orion 48362, Ortonville  48462, Oxford 48370, Oxford 48371, Pleasant Ridge 48069, Pleasant Ridge  48069, Pontiac 48340, Pontiac 48341, Pontiac 48342, Pontiac 48343,  Rochester 48306, Rochester 48307, Rochester 48308, Rochester 48309,  Rochester Hills 48306, Rochester Hills 48307, Rochester Hills 48309,  Rochester Hls 48306, Rochester Hls 48307, Rochester Hls 48309, Royal Oak  48067, Royal Oak 48068, Royal Oak 48073, South Lyon 48178, Southfield  48033, Southfield 48034, Southfield 48037, Southfield 48075, Southfield  48076, Southfield 48086, Springfield Township 48350, Springfield Twp  48350, Sylvan Lake 48320, Troy 48007, Troy 48083, Troy 48084, Troy  48085, Troy 48098, Troy 48099, Union Lake 48387, W Bloomfield 48322, W  Bloomfield 48323, W Bloomfield 48324, W Bloomfield 48325, Walled Lake  48390, Walled Lake 48391, Waterford 48327, Waterford 48328, Waterford  48329, Waterford Township 48329, &lt;a href="http://www.westbloomfieldpainters.com/" target="_blank"&gt;West Bloomfield 48322, West Bloomfield 48323, West Bloomfield 48324, West Bloomfield 48325&lt;/a&gt;, White Lake 48383, White Lake 48386, Wixom 48393, Wolverine Lake 48390, Wolverine Lk 48390&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wayne  County Michigan, Canton 48187, Canton 48188, Dearborn 48120, Dearborn  48121, Dearborn 48123, Dearborn 48124, Dearborn 48126, Dearborn 48128,  Dearborn Heights 48125, Dearborn Heights 48127, Dearborn Hts 48125,  Dearborn Hts 48127, Ecorse 48229, Flat Rock 48134, Garden City 48135,  Garden City 48136, Gibraltar 48173, Grosse Ile 48138, Grosse Pointe  48215, Grosse Pointe 48224, Grosse Pointe 48230, Grosse Pointe 48236,  Grosse Pointe Farms 48230, Grosse Pointe Farms 48236, Grosse Pointe Park  48215, Grosse Pointe Park 48224, Grosse Pointe Park 48230, Grosse  Pointe Park 48236, Grosse Pointe Shores 48230, Grosse Pointe Shores  48236, Grosse Pointe Woods 48230, Grosse Pointe Woods 48236, Hamtramck  48211, Hamtramck 48212, Harper Woods 48225, Highland Park 48203, Inkster  48141, Lincoln Park 48146, Livonia 48150, Livonia 48151, Livonia 48152,  Livonia 48153, Livonia 48154, Melvindale 48122, New Boston 48164,  Northville 48167, Northville 48168, Northville Township 48167,  Northville Twp 48167, Plymouth 48170, Redford 48239, Redford 48240,  River Rouge 48218, Riverview 48192, Riverview 48193, Rockwood 48173,  Romulus 48174, Southgate 48195, Sumpter Twp 48111, Taylor 48180, Trenton  48183, Van Buren Twp 48111, Wayne 48184, Westland 48185, Westland  48186, Woodhaven 48183, Wyandotte 48192, Wyandotte 48193&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Macomb  County Michigan, Armada 48005, Bruce 48065, Bruce Township 48065, Bruce  TWP 48065, Center Line 48015, Chesterfield 48047, Chesterfield 48051,  Clinton Township 48035, Clinton Township 48036, Clinton Township 48038,  Clinton Twp 48035, Clinton Twp 48036, Clinton Twp 48038, East Detroit  48021, Eastpointe 48021, Fraser 48026, Harrison Township 48045, Harrison  Twp 48045, Lenox 48048, Lenox 48050, Macomb 48042, Macomb 48044, Mount  Clemens 48043, Mount Clemens 48046, New Baltimore 48047, New Baltimore  48051, New Haven 48048, New Haven 48050, Ray 48096, Ray Twp 48096,  Richmond 48062, Romeo 48065, Roseville 48066, Saint Clair Shores 48080,  Saint Clair Shores 48081, Saint Clair Shores 48082, Selfridge 48045,  Selfridge Angb 48045, Shelby Township 48315, Shelby Township 48316,  Shelby Township 48317, Shelby Township 48318, Shelby Twp 48315, Shelby  Twp 48316, Shelby Twp 48317, Shelby Twp 48318, St Clair Shrs 48080, St  Clair Shrs 48081, St Clair Shrs 48082, St Clr Shores 48080, St Clr  Shores 48081, St Clr Shores 48082, Sterling Heights 48310, Sterling  Heights 48311, Sterling Heights 48312, Sterling Heights 48313, Sterling  Heights 48314, Sterling Hts 48310, Sterling Hts 48311, Sterling Hts  48312, Sterling Hts 48313, Sterling Hts 48314, Utica 48315, Utica 48316,  Utica 48317, Utica 48318, Warren 48088, Warren 48089, Warren 48090,  Warren 48091, Warren 48092, Warren 48093, Warren 48397, Washington Twp  48094, Washingtonn Twp 48095 &lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Metro Detroit Michigan Painting and Drywall Contractor paints a pretty picture for Michigan Charities and Churches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://michiganchimneyrepair.com/default.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;Mark Maupin from Brick Repair LLC&lt;/a&gt;  and Mike DeLuca from Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc. (248)  787-0963 paint one heck of a pretty picture of what the Metro Detroit  community is really about! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I spoke with Mike DeLuca, he told me he was looking forward to  giving back to the community that had kept them working through his own  hard times.  Mike is one of those truly honest contractors, who is  delighted and feels blessed to have the opportunity to give back to the  community.  Mike and Mark have been working in Michigan's past good  years and also now during these unfortunate rough times of our economy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike Said "It has been rough for the past few years.  I know that a lot  of Michigan contractors have been struggling to keep there heads above  water, and I was no exception.  Our economy is not the same as it was 7  years ago.  I feel blessed to have a roof over my head and to be able to  keep busy during these rough times of our economy.  I was blessed to  have a few local church's help me out when I needed it.  So it only  feels right to give back."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike Run's a small painting &amp;amp; drywall company, in Oakland county Mi.  they have been in the home repair and restoration industry for over 14  years. They are happy to provide the following services. Interior &amp;amp;  Exterior Painting, Epoxy floor coatings, Murals, Staining and  varnishing, Faux Finishes (multiple methods), Wall paper removal, Wall  paper hanging, Caulking, Fire and Water Damage Repair, Insurance work,  Power washing, Block or Concrete water proofing, Deck restoration,  Aluminum fence painting, Steele structure coatings, Sand Blasting,  Drywall Installation, Drywall Repair, Drywall Hanging, Drywall  Finishing, Popcorn ceilings &amp;amp; other textured wall &amp;amp; ceiling  applications, Rough &amp;amp; Finish Carpentry, Rotted wood replacement,  Basement Finishing, Interior Demolition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike and Mark are looking to find a church or charity to provide there  services to free of charge.  They said "We will provide the labor and  tools, if they provide the material.  We have an opening available in  our calendar on Mar. 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and if we can find someone to help during that time it would be a great way to ring in the New Year".  &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-small;"&gt;We  hope any information gained is beneficial please feel free to call Mike  for a consultation on any painting project. &lt;a href="tel:%28248%29%20787-0963" value="+12487870963" target="_blank"&gt;(248) 787-0963&lt;/a&gt; or go to &lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypainter.com/" target="_blank"&gt;www.oaklandcountypainter.com&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-small;"&gt;If your in need of a great Masonry Contractor visit &lt;a href="http://michiganchimneyrepair.com/default.aspx" target="_blank"&gt;http://michiganchimneyrepair.com/default.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Are  you thinking about renting, buying or updating and remodeling a house  or home?  Here are some facts and information about the dangers of lead  based paints from Wikipedia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Lead-based paint in the United States&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="background:none;clear:right;float:right;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em;width:auto" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span&gt; [&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#" target="_blank"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#State_action_against_the_lead_paint_industry" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;State action against the lead paint industry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#Real_estate_maintenance_and_renovation" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Real estate maintenance and renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#See_also" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#References" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#External_links" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint" title="Lead-based paint" target="_blank"&gt;Lead-based paint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; in the &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" target="_blank"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; resulted in a court case against the Lead Industries Association.&lt;br /&gt;  Due in great part to studies carried out by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_J._Landrigan" title="Philip J. Landrigan" target="_blank"&gt;Philip J. Landrigan&lt;/a&gt;,   paint containing more than 0.06% (by weight of dried product) lead was   banned for residential use in the United States in 1978 by the U.S. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Commission" title="Consumer Product Safety Commission" target="_blank"&gt;Consumer Product Safety Commission&lt;/a&gt;   (16 Code of Federal Regulations CFR 1303). The U.S. Government defines   "lead-based paint" as any "paint, surface coating that contains lead   equal to or exceeding one milligram per square centimeter (1.0 mg/cm2)   or 0.5% by weight."&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-0" target="_blank"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   Some states have adopted this or similar definitions of "lead-based   paint." These definitions are used to enforce regulations that apply to   certain activities conducted in housing constructed prior to 1978, such   as abatement, or the permanent elimination of a "lead-based paint   hazard."&lt;br /&gt;The U.S. Government and many states have regulations regarding   lead-based paint. Many of them apply to evaluating a property for   lead-based paint. There are two different testing procedures that are   similar but yield different information. Lead-based paint inspections   will evaluate all painted surfaces in a complex to determine where   lead-based paint, if any, is present. The procedures for lead   inspections is outlined in the HUD Guidelines, Chapter 7, 1997 Revision.   The other testing is a lead-based paint risk assessment. In this   testing, only deteriorated painted surfaces are tested and dust wipe   samples are collected. This information will help the risk assessor   determine if there are any &lt;i&gt;lead hazards&lt;/i&gt;. Many property owners   decided to get a combination of both tests to determine where the   lead-based paint is present and what hazards are present as well. Risk   assessments are outlined in the HUD Guidelines, Chapter 5. In addition,   if a child is poisoned in a property, the owner may be required to   perform abatement (permanent elimination of the lead hazard).&lt;br /&gt;In 1996, the Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Regulation was enacted. It   requires owners of pre-1978 "target housing" to disclose to potential   buyers or renters all known information about the presence of lead-based   paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the property. It requires  that  the potential buyer or tenant be given the lead information  pamphlet,  "Protect Your Family From Lead In Your Home," or other &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency" target="_blank"&gt;United States Environmental Protection Agency‎&lt;/a&gt;-approved   pamphlet as well as a specific disclosure statement. The option of   whether to test for the presence of lead-based paint is left to the   owner, so long as a decision not to test is disclosed.&lt;br /&gt;EPA signed a new regulation (Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP))&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   regarding the renovation of child-occupied buildings built before 1978   on April 22, 2008. The rule (Federal Register: July 15, 2009 (Volume  74,  Number 134)) became effective April 22, 2010. Under the rule, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor" target="_blank"&gt;contractors&lt;/a&gt;   performing renovation, repair and painting projects that disturb   lead-based coatings (including lead paint, shellac or varnish) in   child-occupied facilities built before 1978 must be certified and must   follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination. EPA's RRP   rule impacts many construction trades, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor" target="_blank"&gt;general contractors&lt;/a&gt; and special trade contractors, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator" target="_blank"&gt;painters&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber" target="_blank"&gt;plumbers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry" target="_blank"&gt;carpenters&lt;/a&gt;, window installers, wood floor refinishers and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrician" title="Electrician" target="_blank"&gt;electricians&lt;/a&gt;.   Activities performed by all of these trades can disturb lead-based   paint and have the potential to create hazardous lead dust. For most   individuals, eight hours of training is required. However, individuals   who have successfully completed renovation courses developed by HUD or   EPA, or an abatement worker or supervisor course accredited by EPA or an   authorized State or Tribal program, can become certified renovators by   taking a four hour EPA-accredited renovator refresher training.&lt;br /&gt;The RRP rule is controversial, primarily due to the increased cost   remodelers incur as a result of having to set up dust containment   apparatuses,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-2" target="_blank"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; including sealing off doorways and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC" target="_blank"&gt;HVAC&lt;/a&gt; ducts with plastic. Various national trade associations have been very vocal in their opposition,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-3" target="_blank"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   some going so far as to sue the EPA. Still, the EPA is deliberating   expanding the rule to require contractors to pass a third-party dust   wipe clearance exam&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-4" target="_blank"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; to in order to complete remodel work in pre-1978 buildings.&lt;br /&gt; Although the rule was not fully implemented until April 2010, certain   elements were required before, and others required attention well   before April 2010.&lt;br /&gt;Before April 2009 – Contractors that disturb paint in homes,   residential buildings, schools and child care facilities built prior to   1978 had to provide lead hazard information prior to the start of the   job to building owners, occupants, and to the families of children using   the facilities by distributing EPA's new Renovate Right brochure.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5" target="_blank"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   As of April 2009 – Trainers could begin to apply to EPA or an   EPA-approved state for accreditation, and, once approved, contractors   and construction trade workers could begin to take the training to   become certified. Beginning October 2009 – Firms could apply for EPA or   state certification. Beginning April 2010 – All businesses engaged in   renovation, repair or painting activities in homes, residential   buildings, schools and child care facilities built prior to 1978 must be   certified, use certified workers, and follow specific lead-safe work   practices to prevent lead contamination.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6" target="_blank"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: State action against the lead paint industry" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;State action against the lead paint industry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  The state of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island" target="_blank"&gt;Rhode Island&lt;/a&gt; filed a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuisance" title="Nuisance" target="_blank"&gt;public nuisance&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit" target="_blank"&gt;lawsuit&lt;/a&gt; in 1999 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_of_Rhode_Island_v._Lead_Industries_Association&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="State of Rhode Island v. Lead Industries Association (page does not exist)" target="_blank"&gt;State of Rhode Island v. Lead Industries Association&lt;/a&gt;   to get the former manufacturers of lead paint to pay for the clean up   of current lead hazards in Rhode Island. After a trial that ended in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hung_jury" title="Hung jury" target="_blank"&gt;hung jury&lt;/a&gt; in 2002, the state refiled the case. In February 2006, the jury decided in favor of the state and said that &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwin-Williams" title="Sherwin-Williams" target="_blank"&gt;Sherwin-Williams&lt;/a&gt;,   NL Industries and Millennium Holdings would have to pay for the   clean-up of lead paint in the state. On July 1, 2008, the Rhode Island   Supreme Court in a landmark decision overturned the verdict,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-7" target="_blank"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; dismissing the case stating that "the State of Rhode Island 'cannot allege' facts sufficient to state a claim for common law &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuisance" title="Nuisance" target="_blank"&gt;public nuisance&lt;/a&gt; against lead pigment manufacturers."&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-8" target="_blank"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  In 2007, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Supreme_Court" title="Missouri Supreme Court" target="_blank"&gt;Missouri Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-9" target="_blank"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Supreme_Court" title="New Jersey Supreme Court" target="_blank"&gt;New Jersey Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-10" target="_blank"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   also rejected the use of the public nuisance theory in lead paint   lawsuits, leaving Ohio and California as the only two remaining public   nuisance cases.&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" title="California Supreme Court" target="_blank"&gt;California Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt; has reviewed the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_fee" title="Contingency fee" target="_blank"&gt;contingency fee&lt;/a&gt; agreement between the municipalities and private counsel. A briefing schedule is currently being set.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-11" target="_blank"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; But in recent rulings the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Supreme_Court" title="California Supreme Court" target="_blank"&gt;Supreme Court&lt;/a&gt; held the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingent_fee" title="Contingent fee" target="_blank"&gt;contingent fee&lt;/a&gt;   agreement is improper stating that "When a government attorney has a   personal interest in the litigation, the neutrality so essential to the   system is violated."&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-12" target="_blank"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Columbus" title="City of Columbus" target="_blank"&gt;City of Columbus&lt;/a&gt;, Ohio voluntary dropped its lawsuit against the paint industry after the Rhode Island decision,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-13" target="_blank"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; the State of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" target="_blank"&gt;Ohio&lt;/a&gt;'s suit remains.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Real estate maintenance and renovation" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Real estate maintenance and renovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  Humans  can be poisoned during unsafe renovations or repainting jobs  on  housing that has lead paint. Therefore, homeowners are encouraged to   carefully stabilize any deteriorated (peeling, chipping, cracking, etc.)   paint in a lead-safe manner. More than 250,000 children in the United   States have dangerous levels of lead in their bodies.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-14" target="_blank"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Working in a lead-safe manner means avoiding dry &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanding" title="Sanding" target="_blank"&gt;sanding&lt;/a&gt;, dry scraping, removing paint by torching/burning, the use of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun" target="_blank"&gt;heat guns&lt;/a&gt; over 1100°F, machine-sanding or grinding without &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPA" title="HEPA" target="_blank"&gt;HEPA&lt;/a&gt; filtered dust collection or HEPA-filtered vacuum. These methods are now prohibited by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development" target="_blank"&gt;United States Department of Housing and Urban Development&lt;/a&gt;   (HUD) because they have been proved to create significant levels of   lead dust during remodeling, renovation and painting. They must be   avoided, especially in properties where children under age six reside.   Adult workers using unsafe work practices or improper protective gear   may also become lead-poisoned.&lt;br /&gt;There are specialized paint strippers for use with lead paint such as   LEAD-OUT Paint Stripper, Strip-Tox, Lead-X, and others. Some of these   specialized strippers render lead non-hazardous decreasing the risks   associated with lead paint removal.&lt;br /&gt;HUD requires a dust test for "clearance" at the end of any remodeling   or repainting job be performed by a third-party professional who is   independent of the entity performing the work. Contact your state's   lead-poisoning prevention program (call the local health department or   environmental department) or look in your Yellow Pages director under   "lead paint" or "environmental consultants" to locate a lead-based paint   professional who can do a clearance examination for your job.&lt;br /&gt;Lead evaluations of paint are usually performed by a field testing method known as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Ray_fluorescence" title="X-Ray fluorescence" target="_blank"&gt;X-Ray fluorescence&lt;/a&gt; (XRF) using equipment such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation" target="_blank"&gt;Olympus&lt;/a&gt;   Innov-X LBP4000, RMD LPA-1, or the Thermo Scientific's Niton. XRF is   the preferred method because it is not destructive and a reading is   usually obtained in about 4–8 seconds with a 95% accuracy at the 2-sigma   level.&lt;br /&gt;Instruments of this sort have an inconclusive range, and when a  reading  falls in this range (range is different for each instrument and   model), a paint chip may be taken and sent for laboratory analysis.   Testing for lead in dust, water, and air also require laboratory   analysis. Commercially available lead test kits are often used to test   for the presence of lead, but they are not reliable and not authorized   by HUD to be used in determining if a property is lead-based-paint free.&lt;br /&gt;The home's year of construction can be a clue as to the likelihood  that  lead is present in its paint. Generally, two thirds of homes older   than 1940 contain at least some lead paint, homes built between 1940 and   1960 have a 50% chance of containing such paint, homes built between   1960 and 1978 may still contain lead paint, while homes built after 1978   are unlikely to have lead-based paint.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_note-15" target="_blank"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of   Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control performs regular studies of   housing-based health hazards in the U.S.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_safe_work_practices" title="Lead safe work practices" target="_blank"&gt;Lead safe work practices&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_paint" title="Environmental issues with paint" target="_blank"&gt;Environmental issues with paint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States" target="_blank"&gt;Environmental issues in the United States&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div style="list-style-type:decimal"&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-0" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.dcwatch.com/archives/council15/15-721.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-1" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.greenedu.com/epa-lead-rrp-overview/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;"RRP Overview &amp;amp; Contractor Certification"&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;amp;rft.btitle=RRP+Overview+%26+Contractor+Certification&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenedu.com%2Fepa-lead-rrp-overview%2F&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-2" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/91440959.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/91440959.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-3" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://testudoonline.com/content/window-and-door-dealers-voice-opposition-expanded-lead-law" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://testudoonline.com/content/window-and-door-dealers-voice-opposition-expanded-lead-law&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-4" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://testudoonline.com/node/20" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://testudoonline.com/node/20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovaterightbrochure.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/sbcomplianceguide.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/sbcomplianceguide.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-7" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.courts.ri.gov/supreme/pdf-files/Corrected%20Version%20State%20v.%20Lead%20Paint%20Industries%20Assoc.,%20Inc..pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.courts.ri.gov/supreme/pdf-files/Corrected%20Version%20State%20v.%20Lead%20Paint%20Industries%20Assoc.,%20Inc..pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-8" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nuisancelaw.com/court-decisions/rhode-island-supreme-court-2008" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Thomas R. Bender: "State of Rhode Island v. Lead Industries Association"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-9" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.courts.mo.gov/courts/pubopinions.nsf/0f87ea4ac0ad4c0186256405005d3b8e/2886f48a874d6f28862572f8006c6ff8?OpenDocument" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.courts.mo.gov/courts/pubopinions.nsf/0f87ea4ac0ad4c0186256405005d3b8e/2886f48a874d6f28862572f8006c6ff8?OpenDocument&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-10" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/supreme/a-73-05.doc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://lawlibrary.rutgers.edu/courts/supreme/a-73-05.doc.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-11" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/214352-paint-industrys-appeal-of-contingent-fee-contract-will-be-heard-by-calif.-sc" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/214352-paint-industrys-appeal-of-contingent-fee-contract-will-be-heard-by-calif.-sc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-12" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nuisancelaw.com/court-decisions/contingent-fee" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Court Decisions on Contingency Fee in Public Nuisance Litigations Item 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-13" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://legalnewsline.com/news/214039-another-paint-suit-brushed-away" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;John O'Brien: Another paint suit brushed away&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-14" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;"Center for Disease Control and Prevention"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Retrieved June 24, 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Center+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnceh%2Flead%2F&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-15" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/5054.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/5054.html&lt;/a&gt; What You Should Know About Lead Based Paint in Your Home: Safety Alert, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Accessed 08-30-2010&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/leadpbed.htm#nlic." rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;US National Lead Information Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.hud.gov/offices/lead" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/research/project/enviro/hazard/lead/lead-advertising/medical-knowledge.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Medical Knowledge of the Dangers of Lead-Based Paint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;u  style="Times New Roman&amp;quot;,seriffont-family:Georgia,&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Here is more information from Wikipedia about house painting and decorating:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1&gt;House painter and decorator&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:52px"&gt;&lt;img alt="Globe icon." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" width="48" height="40" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;The examples and perspective in this article &lt;b&gt;may not represent a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias" target="_blank"&gt;worldwide view&lt;/a&gt; of the subject&lt;/b&gt;. Please &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit" target="_blank"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; and discuss the issue on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:House_painter_and_decorator" title="Talk:House painter and decorator" target="_blank"&gt;talk page&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;small&gt;&lt;i&gt;(December 2010)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg/220px-Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg" width="220" height="148" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern-Trade-Painter.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  A modern house painter&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;A &lt;b&gt;house painter and decorator&lt;/b&gt; is a tradesman responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings, and is also known as a &lt;b&gt;decorator&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;house painter&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-0" target="_blank"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The purpose of painting is to make the house look better or to protect it from damage by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_damage" title="Water damage" target="_blank"&gt;water&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust" title="Rust" target="_blank"&gt;rust&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion" target="_blank"&gt;corrosion&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect" title="Insect" target="_blank"&gt;insects&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mould" title="Mould" target="_blank"&gt;mould&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span&gt; [&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#" target="_blank"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#History_of_the_trade" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;History of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#Tools_of_the_trade" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Tools of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#Activities_of_the_trade" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Activities of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#See_also" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#References" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History of the trade" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;History of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  In &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England" target="_blank"&gt;England&lt;/a&gt;, little is known of the trade and its structures before the late 13th century, at which point &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild" title="Guild" target="_blank"&gt;guilds&lt;/a&gt;   began to form, amongst them the Painters Company and the Stainers   Company. These two guilds eventually merged with the consent of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London" target="_blank"&gt;Lord Mayor of the City of London&lt;/a&gt; in 1502, forming the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Painter-Stainers" title="Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers" target="_blank"&gt;Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers&lt;/a&gt;. The guild standardised the craft and acted as a protector of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret" target="_blank"&gt;trade secrets&lt;/a&gt;.   In 1599, the guild asked Parliament for protection, which was   eventually granted in a bill of 1606, which granted the trade protection   from outside competition such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster" target="_blank"&gt;plasterers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  The Act legislated for a sevens year &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship" target="_blank"&gt;apprenticeship&lt;/a&gt;,   and also barred plasterers from painting, unless apprenticed to a   painter, with the penalty for such painting being a fine of £5. The Act   also enshrined a maximum daily fee of 16 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_pence" title="Old pence" target="_blank"&gt;old pence&lt;/a&gt; for their labour.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg/220px-Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg" width="220" height="170" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Painter_paints_a_room_arp.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  A painter painting a room in a house&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Enforcement of this Act by the Painter-Stainers Company was sought up until the early 19th century, with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_craftsman" title="Master craftsman" target="_blank"&gt;master painters&lt;/a&gt; gathering irregularly to decide the fees that a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journeyman" title="Journeyman" target="_blank"&gt;journeyman&lt;/a&gt; could charge, and also instigating an early version of a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_centre" title="Job centre" target="_blank"&gt;job centre&lt;/a&gt; in 1769, advertising in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London" target="_blank"&gt;London&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper" target="_blank"&gt;newspapers&lt;/a&gt;   a "house of call" system to advertise for journeymen and also for   journeymen to advertise for work. The guild's power in setting the fee a   journeyman could charge was eventually overturned by law in 1827, and   the period after this saw the guild's power diminish, along with that  of  the other guilds; the guilds were superseded by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union" target="_blank"&gt;trade unions&lt;/a&gt;, with the Operative United Painters' Union forming sometime around 1831.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  In 1894, a national association formed, recreating itself in 1918 as   the National Federation of Master Painters and Decorators of England and   Wales, then changing its name once again to the British Decorators   Association before merging, in 2002, with the Painting &amp;amp; Decorating   Federation to form the Painting &amp;amp; Decorating Association. The   Construction Industry Joint Council, a body formed of both unions and   business organizations, today has responsibility for the setting of pay   levels.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Tools of the trade" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Tools of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grille_peinture.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="Grille peinture.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Grille_peinture.jpg/220px-Grille_peinture.jpg" width="220" height="165" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grille_peinture.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The  modern composition of paints results in latex formulations being   widely used for exterior as well as interior. That reduces post painting   cleanup, and reduces the smells associated with petroleum and  polyester  based paints. Computerized paint scanners formulate new  paints to match  the often faded colour of existing paints. Many chain  stores offer  colour matching service.&lt;br /&gt;Modern paints are available in various specialized formulations that   can be fade resistant, chip resistant, odor free, antibiotic to resist   mould and fungi growth, etc.&lt;br /&gt;For surfaces where a very smooth surface is desired, most retailers   carry inexpensive chemicals that can be added to paints to better make   the paint flow or lay flat.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-2" target="_blank"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Such additives are preferable to thinning paint, which can change some of the paint's characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;  For the layman, the most confusing element is primer and priming   surfaces. For surfaces such as wood, paint alone is too thick and will   be on the surface, but not adhere well, resulting in flaking. Primer is a   thin paint solution, or even a specialized liquid colour coordinated  to  support the finish coat, which penetrates into the pores of wood,  and  allows the finish coat to adhere to the underlying primer.&lt;br /&gt;Priming also results in less paint being needed. For unpainted wood,   most laymen expect to apply two coats of paint. However, one coat of   inexpensive primer and then a finish coat is much less expensive.&lt;br /&gt;For metal surfaces, primer may involve special characteristics to   resist corrosion, prevent impact chipping or improve adhesion of the   finish coat.&lt;br /&gt;Especially for problem paint jobs, such as new work, fungal presence  or  peeling paint, most professional paint retailers offer free  consulting  services. When their instructions and materials are used,  guarantees  of 5 to 20 years are available as to adhesion, water  proofing, etc. of  the finished paint job.&lt;br /&gt;For professional painters, the majority of their time is spent in   preparation for paint application, not in painting per se. Cleaning and   sanding surfaces, taping and applying paper or plastic to surfaces not   to be painted typically involve 50% or more of the painter's total time   budget.&lt;br /&gt;Although the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush" title="Brush" target="_blank"&gt;brush&lt;/a&gt; and the fabric &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_roller" title="Paint roller" target="_blank"&gt;roller&lt;/a&gt;   were the tools most readily associated with the painter, foam brushes   are now commonly used for precise work requiring a straight line. Foam   brushes can also be used to create a smoother surface using less paint   that dries more quickly than brush applications.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-3" target="_blank"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   Like fabric rollers, foam rollers can also create patterns in the   painted surface. Foam rollers are available in a variety of professional   materials for high-quality applications. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-4" target="_blank"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   Although used in a variety of applications, the foam roller is  commonly  used during the painting of doors to produce an extremely  smooth  finish.&lt;br /&gt;Recent advances in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacture" title="Manufacture" target="_blank"&gt;manufacture&lt;/a&gt; have led to a standardization of brushes, with many older types of brushes falling from fashion.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spray_painting" title="Spray painting" target="_blank"&gt;spray gun&lt;/a&gt; is one of the latest tools in the painter's arsenal. It is powered by an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric" title="Electric" target="_blank"&gt;electric&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic" title="Pneumatic" target="_blank"&gt;pneumatic&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel" target="_blank"&gt;fuel&lt;/a&gt; powered &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor" target="_blank"&gt;motor&lt;/a&gt; which pumps paint through a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hose_%28tubing%29" title="Hose (tubing)" target="_blank"&gt;hose&lt;/a&gt; into a gun which &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomizer_nozzle" title="Atomizer nozzle" target="_blank"&gt;atomizes&lt;/a&gt; the paint to a fine spray. With the airless spray gun it is possible to paint extremely large areas of surface in a short time.&lt;br /&gt;  However, sprayed paint when dry can display unsightly patterns if the   spraying application does not result in an even distribution of paint.&lt;br /&gt;The ground brush, also known as a pound brush, was a round or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse" title="Ellipse" target="_blank"&gt;elliptical&lt;/a&gt; brush bound by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire" title="Wire" target="_blank"&gt;wire&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twine" title="Twine" target="_blank"&gt;cord&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal" title="Metal" target="_blank"&gt;metal&lt;/a&gt;.   They were generally heavy to use, and required considerable usage to   break them in. These brushes were predominantly used in the days before   modern paint manufacturing techniques; hand-mixed paints requiring more   working to create the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing" target="_blank"&gt;finish&lt;/a&gt;. These brushes still have use in applying &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_%28paint%29" title="Primer (paint)" target="_blank"&gt;primer&lt;/a&gt;, as they are useful in working the primer into the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain" title="Wood grain" target="_blank"&gt;grain&lt;/a&gt; of the wood. Pound brushes required an even breaking in to create even &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevel" title="Bevel" target="_blank"&gt;bevel&lt;/a&gt; on both sides of the brush, minimising the formation of a point which would render the brush useless.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_sash" title="Window sash" target="_blank"&gt;Sash&lt;/a&gt; tools were smaller brushes, similar to a ground brush, and used mainly for cutting in sash or glazing bars found on windows.&lt;br /&gt;  Sash tools and ground brushes generally required &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridling" title="Bridling" target="_blank"&gt;bridling&lt;/a&gt;   before use, and a painter's efficiency in this skill was generally  used  as a guide to their overall ability. Both these brushes have  largely  been superseded by the modern &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish" title="Varnish" target="_blank"&gt;varnish&lt;/a&gt;   brush. Varnish brushes are the most common flat brushes available  today  and are used for painting as well as varnishing. Brushes intended  for  varnishing typically have a bevelled edge.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distemper_%28paint%29" title="Distemper (paint)" target="_blank"&gt;Distemper&lt;/a&gt; brushes, used for applying distemper, an early form of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash" target="_blank"&gt;whitewash&lt;/a&gt;, were best made of pure &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristle" title="Bristle" target="_blank"&gt;bristle&lt;/a&gt; and bound by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper" target="_blank"&gt;copper&lt;/a&gt; bands to prevent &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust" title="Rust" target="_blank"&gt;rust&lt;/a&gt; damage. Styles differed across the world, with flat nailed brushes popular in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England" target="_blank"&gt;Northern England&lt;/a&gt;, a two knot brush (a brush with two ovular heads) popular in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England" target="_blank"&gt;Southern England&lt;/a&gt;, and three knot brushes or flat head brushes preferred elsewhere. In the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" target="_blank"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt; distemper brushes were known as calcimine, kalsomine or calsomine brushes, each term being the U.S. variant of whitewash.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Fitches are smaller brushes, either ovular or flat and one inch wide,   that are used in fine work such as to pick out the detail on a painted &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_%28decorative%29" title="Molding (decorative)" target="_blank"&gt;moulding&lt;/a&gt;. Stipplers come in various shapes and sizes and are used to apply paint with a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stippling" title="Stippling" target="_blank"&gt;stippled&lt;/a&gt; effect. A duster or jamb brush was used to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust" title="Dust" target="_blank"&gt;dust&lt;/a&gt; the area to be painted before work commenced. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil" target="_blank"&gt;Stencil&lt;/a&gt; brushes, similar in style to a shaving brush, were used for the purpose of stencilling walls or in the creation of hand-made &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper" target="_blank"&gt;wallpapers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Brushes are best stored in a purpose made brush keeper, a box on which a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire" title="Wire" target="_blank"&gt;wire&lt;/a&gt;   could be suspended. The wire would be threaded through the hole in a   brush's handle so as to suspend the brush in a cleaning solution without   allowing the brush to sit on the bottom of the container and thus  cause  spreading of the bristles. The solution would also prevent  hardening of  the brushes and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation" title="Oxidation" target="_blank"&gt;oxidization&lt;/a&gt;. These were generally rectangular and stored several brushes. A lid would enclose the brushes and keep them free from dust.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  If brushes are cleaned after use, they can last for years. Since most   modern exterior and interior paints are latex based, cleaning the   brushes after use with hot soapy water and a toothbrush can remove all   traces of paint. Oil based paints are normally cleaned with a petroleum   solvent such as mineral spirits, again using a toothbrush to remove all   traces of paint. Metal "combs" are used to penetrate into the bristles   of a brush to remove drying paint.&lt;br /&gt;Although paints are now available in no-drip containers to pour paint   into trays for roller application, most paints are sold in metal gallon   or quart cans. For large jobs, paints come in 5-gallon containers.&lt;br /&gt;For metal cans, a large diameter nail or punch is used to make drain   holes in the lip of the can. The holes allow paint to return into the   can. The lid can then be reattached correctly and removed later. Without   the drain holes paint will accumulate in the lip, and act as an   adhesive preventing the lid from being easily removed later. Closing a   lid with paint in the lip can also result in paint travelling 15-feet or   more horizontally.&lt;br /&gt;The air in partly filled paint cans forms over time a dried surface   film. To prevent development of film, prior to closing a latex paint   container add a small amount of distilled (or tap) water that will   remain on the top and prevent drying. For oil based paints use the   solvent recommended for brush cleaning. When the container is reopened,   stir the water/solvent into the paint before using.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drop_cloth&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Drop cloth (page does not exist)" target="_blank"&gt;Drop cloths&lt;/a&gt;, brown painter's paper, dust-sheets, paint sheets, paint &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin" target="_blank"&gt;tarpaulins&lt;/a&gt; or plastic protection films are used to protect nearby surfaces that are not being painted.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masking_tape" title="Masking tape" target="_blank"&gt;Masking tape&lt;/a&gt;   can be used to define the line between the painted and unpainted   surface, as well as to hold protection materials in place. Masking tape   is available in several categories. The classic tape is a high  adhesive.  However it can damage the underlying surface when removed,  and the  longer it's in place the greater the risk of damage.&lt;br /&gt;Modern delay removal tape prevents damaging the taped surface.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-5" target="_blank"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;   "Delicate" tape has about 40% the adhesion of traditional tape, and  can  remain on a surface for up to 30-days without creating damage.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-6" target="_blank"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The less adhesive tapes should be used especially when tape is  applied  to new work. Depending on the paint composition, "dry" paint may  still  be soft and easily damaged for 30-days or more.&lt;br /&gt;Some modern house painters in the US, Canada and Australia have adopted colour &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics" target="_blank"&gt;visualization&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_software" title="Computer software" target="_blank"&gt;computer software&lt;/a&gt;, developed by companies such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autech_Software_and_Design" title="Autech Software and Design" target="_blank"&gt;Autech Software &amp;amp; Design&lt;/a&gt;,   as an additional tool to help demonstrate to customers how their home   would look after it is painted. House painters can use a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photo" title="Digital photo" target="_blank"&gt;digital photo&lt;/a&gt; outputted by this software to show possible &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_schemes" title="Colour schemes" target="_blank"&gt;colour schemes&lt;/a&gt; on the client's home exterior or room walls to help with their colour selection.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Activities of the trade" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Activities of the trade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  Historically, the painter was responsible for the mixing of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint" title="Paint" target="_blank"&gt;paint&lt;/a&gt;; keeping a ready supply of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment" target="_blank"&gt;pigments&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil" title="Oil" target="_blank"&gt;oils&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_thinner" title="Paint thinner" target="_blank"&gt;thinners&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drier" title="Drier" target="_blank"&gt;driers&lt;/a&gt;.   The painter would use his experience to determine a suitable mixture   depending on the nature of the job. In modern times, the painter is   primarily responsible for preparation of the surface to be painted, such   as patching holes in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall" title="Drywall" target="_blank"&gt;drywall&lt;/a&gt;, using masking tape and other protection on surfaces not to be painted, applying the paint and then cleaning up.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Larger firms operating within the trade were generally capable of   performing many painting or decoration services, from sign writing, to   the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding" target="_blank"&gt;gilding&lt;/a&gt; of objects or the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_finishing" title="Wood finishing" target="_blank"&gt;finishing&lt;/a&gt; or refinishing of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture" target="_blank"&gt;furniture&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_note-TMD-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  More recently, professional painters are responsible for all preparation prior to painting. All scraping, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanding" title="Sanding" target="_blank"&gt;sanding&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper" target="_blank"&gt;wallpaper&lt;/a&gt; removal, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulk" title="Caulk" target="_blank"&gt;caulking&lt;/a&gt;, drywall or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood" title="Wood" target="_blank"&gt;wood&lt;/a&gt; repair, patching, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stain_removal" title="Stain removal" target="_blank"&gt;stain removal&lt;/a&gt;, filling &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_%28fastener%29" title="Nail (fastener)" target="_blank"&gt;nail&lt;/a&gt; holes or any defects with plaster or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putty" title="Putty" target="_blank"&gt;putty&lt;/a&gt;, cleaning, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive_tape" title="Adhesive tape" target="_blank"&gt;taping&lt;/a&gt;, preparation and priming are considered to be done by the professional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_contractor" title="Independent contractor" target="_blank"&gt;contracted&lt;/a&gt; painter.&lt;br /&gt;  Before repainting, surfaces are usually cleaned with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_soap" title="Sugar soap" target="_blank"&gt;sugar soap&lt;/a&gt; (in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_countries" title="Commonwealth countries" target="_blank"&gt;Commonwealth countries&lt;/a&gt;) which usually contains &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate" target="_blank"&gt;sodium carbonate&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_phosphate" title="Sodium phosphate" target="_blank"&gt;sodium phosphate&lt;/a&gt;, and sometimes &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_silicate" title="Sodium silicate" target="_blank"&gt;sodium silicate&lt;/a&gt; as an abrasive, though formulations vary. In the U.S.A. a similar compound known as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate" target="_blank"&gt;TSP&lt;/a&gt; is used but some modern formulations do not contain &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphates" title="Phosphates" target="_blank"&gt;phosphates&lt;/a&gt; due to environmental concerns.&lt;br /&gt;  Professional painters need to have keen knowledge of tools of the trade, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sander" title="Sander" target="_blank"&gt;sanders&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_scraper" title="Card scraper" target="_blank"&gt;scrapers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_sprayer" title="Paint sprayer" target="_blank"&gt;paint sprayers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush" title="Brush" target="_blank"&gt;brushes&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_roller" title="Paint roller" target="_blank"&gt;paint rollers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder" target="_blank"&gt;ladders&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffolding" title="Scaffolding" target="_blank"&gt;scaffolding&lt;/a&gt;,   in addition to just the paint in order to correctly complete work.  Much  preparation needs to be considered before simply applying paint.  For  instance, taping and dropcloth techniques, sizes of brushes or  rollers,  material types or dimensions of rollers or brushes (there are  different  sizes or types of brushes and rollers for different paints),  amount of  paint, number of paint coats, amount of primer, types of  primers and  paints, certain grits and cuts of sandpaper, trim cutting  (the act of  painting with a brush on the outline of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseboard" title="Baseboard" target="_blank"&gt;baseboard&lt;/a&gt;,   mouldings and other trim work), wallpaper removal, and nail-hole   filling techniques. Today many painters are attempting to break into the   field of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_painting" title="Faux painting" target="_blank"&gt;faux painting&lt;/a&gt;, allowing them more creativity and access to a higher end customer base.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating" title="Coating" target="_blank"&gt;Coating&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_testing" title="Adhesion testing" target="_blank"&gt;Adhesion testing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_painter_and_decorator&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;table style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Wikimedia Commons has media related to: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Painters_%28trade%29" target="_blank"&gt;Painters (trade)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="list-style-type:decimal"&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-0" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span&gt;Alf Fulcher (2005). &lt;i&gt;Painting and Decorating&lt;/i&gt;. Blackwell Publishing. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" target="_blank"&gt;ISBN&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1405112549" title="Special:BookSources/1405112549" target="_blank"&gt;1405112549&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Painting+and+Decorating&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Alf+Fulcher&amp;amp;rft.au=Alf+Fulcher&amp;amp;rft.date=2005&amp;amp;rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&amp;amp;rft.isbn=1405112549&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:House_painter_and_decorator"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-0" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-2" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;c&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-3" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;d&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-4" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-5" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;f&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-6" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;g&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-7" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;h&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-8" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;i&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-9" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;j&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-10" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;k&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-11" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;l&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-TMD_1-12" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;m&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;The Modern Painter and Decorator&lt;/i&gt; volume 1 1921 Caxton&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-2" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.floodco.com/paint-additive-solutions/index.jsp" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.floodco.com/paint-additive-solutions/index.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-3" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/486648" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/486648&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-4" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.woosterbrush.com/Catalog/RollerCovers/Minirollers" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.woosterbrush.com/Catalog/RollerCovers/Minirollers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-5" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.maxitape.com/tape/products/tapes/industry/industrial-masking-and-packaging/pt-14-blue-painter-s-tape.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.maxitape.com/tape/products/tapes/industry/industrial-masking-and-packaging/pt-14-blue-painter-s-tape.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator#cite_ref-6" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.findtape.com/shop/product.aspx?id=276&amp;amp;setscreen=1&amp;amp;width=1024&amp;amp;height=610" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.findtape.com/shop/product.aspx?id=276&amp;amp;setscreen=1&amp;amp;width=1024&amp;amp;height=610&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;Here is some information on Drywall from Wikipedia: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Drywall&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div&gt;From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Jump to: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#mw-head" target="_blank"&gt;navigation&lt;/a&gt;,      &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#p-search" target="_blank"&gt;search&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;For the musical group, see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall_%28musical_project%29" title="Drywall (musical project)" target="_blank"&gt;Drywall (musical project)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table&gt; &lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:52px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;This article &lt;b&gt;needs additional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" target="_blank"&gt;citations&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" target="_blank"&gt;verification&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;small&gt;Please help &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; by adding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources" target="_blank"&gt;reliable references&lt;/a&gt;. Unsourced material may be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;challenged&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" target="_blank"&gt;removed&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;(July 2009)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Drywall.jpg/220px-Drywall.jpg" width="220" height="181" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Example of drywall with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_compound" title="Joint compound" target="_blank"&gt;joint compound&lt;/a&gt;, the common interior building material. (This photo shows drywall hung vertically.)&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Drywall&lt;/b&gt;, also known as &lt;b&gt;plasterboard&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;gypsum board&lt;/b&gt;, is a panel made of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_plaster" title="Gypsum plaster" target="_blank"&gt;gypsum plaster&lt;/a&gt; pressed between two thick sheets of paper. It is used to make interior walls and ceilings.&lt;br /&gt;  Plasterboard panels are also known as &lt;b&gt;wallboard&lt;/b&gt; (USA, UK, Ireland),&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from October 2010"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;b&gt;Gibraltar board&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;GIB&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;wall and ceiling linings&lt;/b&gt; (in New Zealand, trademark of Winstone Wallboards&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-0" target="_blank"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;), &lt;b&gt;rock lath&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-oldhouseweb.com-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;b&gt;Sheetrock&lt;/b&gt; (a trademark of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USG_Corporation" title="USG Corporation" target="_blank"&gt;USG Corporation&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;b&gt;Gyproc&lt;/b&gt; (in Australia, a trademark of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_de_Saint-Gobain" title="Compagnie de Saint-Gobain" target="_blank"&gt;Compagnie de Saint-Gobain&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;  The sheets of the drywall can be made from fiberglass instead of  paper   to prevent mold growth. Mold growth is common when using  paper-based   plasterboard that has been exposed to water due to plumbing  leaks or   floods.&lt;br /&gt;Drywall construction became prevalent as a speedier alternative to using &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster" target="_blank"&gt;plaster&lt;/a&gt;-based    interior finish techniques, which involved forcefully spreading a    substrate of coarse plaster, known as the base (made up of the &lt;i&gt;scratch&lt;/i&gt; coat and (optional) &lt;i&gt;brown&lt;/i&gt; coat), onto the wall's &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath" title="Lath" target="_blank"&gt;lath-work&lt;/a&gt; before finally applying the smoother &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finish" title="Finish" target="_blank"&gt;finish&lt;/a&gt; coat, each layer added in succession and all by hand (see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lath_and_plaster" title="Lath and plaster" target="_blank"&gt;lath and plaster&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-National_Park_Service:_Preservation_Brief_21:_Repairing_Historic_Flat_Plaster--Walls_and_Ceilings-2" target="_blank"&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    Drywall, by contrast to plaster, requires hand finishing only at the    fasteners and joints. The drywall process requires less labor and  drying   time, lending its name to the panels used in the assembly.&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Contents&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#" target="_blank"&gt;hide&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#History" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;History&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Manufacture" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Manufacture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Specifications" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Specifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#USA_and_Canada" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Europe" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Europe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Construction_techniques" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Construction techniques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Water_damage_and_mold" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Water damage and mold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Fire_resistance" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Fire resistance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#North_American_market" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;North American market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Waste" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;7.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Waste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Types_available_in_the_USA_and_Canada" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Types available in the USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Common_drywall_tools" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Common drywall tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Levels_of_finish" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Levels of finish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_0" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.1&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.2&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_2" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.3&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_3" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.4&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_4" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.5&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Level_5" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10.6&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#Defective_Chinese_imports" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Defective Chinese imports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#See_also" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#References" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#External_links" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span&gt;14&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;History&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; "&lt;b&gt;Sackett Board&lt;/b&gt;"   was invented in 1894 by Augustine Sackett. It  was made by layering   plaster within four plies of wool felt paper.  Sheets were 36" x 36" x   1/4" thick with open (untaped) edges."&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-gypsum.org-3" target="_blank"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;b&gt;Gypsum Board&lt;/b&gt;" evolved between 1910 and 1930 beginning with    wrapped board edges, and elimination of the two inner layers of felt    paper in favor of paper-based facings. Providing efficiency of    installation, it was developed additionally as a measure of fire    resistance. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-4" target="_blank"&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Later &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_entrainment" title="Air entrainment" target="_blank"&gt;air entrainment&lt;/a&gt; technology made boards lighter and less brittle, then joint treatment materials and systems also evolved. "&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-gypsum.org-3" target="_blank"&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  "&lt;b&gt;Rock Lath&lt;/b&gt;" was an early substrate for plaster. An alternative    to traditional wood or metal lath, it was a panel made up of compressed    gypsum plaster board that was sometimes grooved or punched with holes    to allow wet plaster to key into its surface. As it evolved, it was    faced with paper impregnated with gypsum crystals that bonded with the    applied facing layer of plaster.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-oldhouseweb.com-1" target="_blank"&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Manufacture" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Manufacture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; A wallboard panel is made of a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper" target="_blank"&gt;paper&lt;/a&gt; liner wrapped around an inner core made primarily from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_plaster" title="Gypsum plaster" target="_blank"&gt;gypsum plaster&lt;/a&gt;. The raw &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum" target="_blank"&gt;gypsum&lt;/a&gt;, CaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;·2 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, (mined or obtained from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_gas_desulfurization" title="Flue gas desulfurization" target="_blank"&gt;flue gas desulfurization&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGD" title="FGD" target="_blank"&gt;FGD&lt;/a&gt;)) must be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcination" title="Calcination" target="_blank"&gt;calcined&lt;/a&gt; before use to produce the hemihydrate of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_sulfate" title="Calcium sulfate" target="_blank"&gt;calcium sulfate&lt;/a&gt; (CaSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;·½ H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O).    This is done in kettle or flash calciners, typically using natural  gas   today. The plaster is mixed with fiber (typically paper and/or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_%28fiber%29" title="Glass (fiber)" target="_blank"&gt;fiberglass&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizer" title="Plasticizer" target="_blank"&gt;plasticizer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foaming_agent" title="Foaming agent" target="_blank"&gt;foaming agent&lt;/a&gt;, finely ground gypsum crystal as an accelerator, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDTA" title="EDTA" target="_blank"&gt;EDTA&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch" title="Starch" target="_blank"&gt;starch&lt;/a&gt; or other &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelate" title="Chelate" target="_blank"&gt;chelate&lt;/a&gt; as a retarder, various additives that may increase &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildew" title="Mildew" target="_blank"&gt;mildew&lt;/a&gt; and/or fire resistance (fiberglass or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite" target="_blank"&gt;vermiculite&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax" title="Wax" target="_blank"&gt;wax&lt;/a&gt; emulsion or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silanes" title="Silanes" target="_blank"&gt;silanes&lt;/a&gt;    for lower water absorption and water. This is then formed by    sandwiching a core of wet gypsum between two sheets of heavy paper or    fiberglass mats. When the core sets and is dried in a large drying    chamber, the sandwich becomes rigid and strong enough for use as a    building material.&lt;br /&gt;Drying chambers typically use natural gas today. To dry 1 MSF (1,000 square feet) of wallboard, between 1.75 and 2.49 million &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTU" title="BTU" target="_blank"&gt;BTU&lt;/a&gt; is required. Organic &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersants" title="Dispersants" target="_blank"&gt;dispersants&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticiser" title="Plasticiser" target="_blank"&gt;plasticisers&lt;/a&gt;    are used mainly to reduce the amount of water, hence reduce the    eventual drying time, needed to produce gypsum slurry flow during    wallboard manufacture.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-5" target="_blank"&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Specifications" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Specifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4" title="Edit section: USA and Canada" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; Drywall   panels are manufactured in 48 inches (120 cm) wide panels in  varying   lengths to suit the application. Common panel thicknesses are  1/2"   (13 mm) and 5/8" (16 mm), with panels also available in 1/4" (6 mm)  and   3/8" (10 mm). Both 1/2" (13 mm) and 5/8" (16 mm) panels of TYPE 'X'   (a  gypsum board with special core additives to increase the natural   fire  resistance of regular gypsum board&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-6" target="_blank"&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;)    are used where a fire-resistance rating is desired. Regular 5/8"    (16 mm) panels are used (with or without light gauge resilient metal    channels) where additional mass is needed for the reduction of sound    transmission.&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Drywall provides a thermal resistance &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-value_%28insulation%29" title="R-value (insulation)" target="_blank"&gt;R-value&lt;/a&gt;    (in US units) of 0.32 for 3/8" board, 0.45 for 1/2", 0.56 for 5/8",   and  0.83 for 1" board. In addition to increased R-value, thicker   drywall  has a higher &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_transmission_class" title="Sound transmission class" target="_blank"&gt;sound transmission class&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Europe" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Europe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; In   the UK and Europe, plasterboard is manufactured in metric sizes,  with   the common sizes being corollaries of old imperial sizes.&lt;br /&gt;Most plasterboard is made in 120 cm wide sheets, though 90 cm and  60 cm   wide sheets are also made. 120 cm wide plasterboard is most  commonly   made in 240 cm lengths, though 270 cm and 300 cm length sheets  are  also  commonly available.&lt;br /&gt;Commonly used thicknesses of plasterboard available are 12.5 mm  (modern   equivalent of half an inch), typically used for walls, and  9.5 mm   (modern equivalent of three-eights of an inch), typically used  for   ceilings. 15 mm thick board is commonly available, and other    thicknesses are also produced.&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Plasterboard is commonly made with one of two different edge    treatments—tapered edge, where the long edges of the board are tapered    with a wide bevel at the front to allow for jointing materials to be    finished flush with the main board face, and plain edge, used where the    whole surface will receive a thin coating (skim coat) of finishing    plaster.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Construction techniques" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Construction techniques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_material_handler.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Drywall_material_handler.jpg/220px-Drywall_material_handler.jpg" width="220" height="163" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_material_handler.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  Drywall   is delivered to a building site on a flatbed truck and unloaded  with a   forked material handler crane. The bulk drywall sheets are  unloaded   directly to upper floors via a window or exterior doorway.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;As opposed to a week-long plaster application, an entire house can be drywalled in one or two days by two experienced &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall_mechanic" title="Drywall mechanic" target="_blank"&gt;drywallers&lt;/a&gt;,    and drywall is easy enough to use that it can be installed by many    amateur home carpenters. In large-scale commercial construction, the    work of installing and finishing drywall is often split between the    drywall mechanics, or &lt;i&gt;hangers&lt;/i&gt;, who install the wallboard, and the &lt;i&gt;tapers&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;mudmen&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;float crew&lt;/i&gt;, who finish the joints and cover the nailheads with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall_compound" title="Drywall compound" target="_blank"&gt;drywall compound&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  Drywall is cut to size, using a large &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-square" title="T-square" target="_blank"&gt;T-square&lt;/a&gt;, by scoring the paper on the front side (usually white) with a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_knife" title="Utility knife" target="_blank"&gt;utility knife&lt;/a&gt;,    breaking the sheet along the cut, scoring the paper backing, and    finally breaking the sheet in the opposite direction. Small features    such as holes for outlets and light switches are usually cut using a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw" target="_blank"&gt;keyhole saw&lt;/a&gt; or a small high-speed bit in a rotary tool. Drywall is then fixed to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall" title="Wall" target="_blank"&gt;wall&lt;/a&gt; structure with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_%28engineering%29" title="Nail (engineering)" target="_blank"&gt;nails&lt;/a&gt;, glue, or more commonly in recent years, the now-ubiquitous &lt;i&gt;drywall &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw" title="Screw" target="_blank"&gt;screws&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;Drywall fasteners&lt;/i&gt;, also referred to as &lt;i&gt;drywall clips&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;stops&lt;/i&gt;,    are gaining popularity in both residential and commercial   construction.  Drywall fasteners are used for supporting interior   drywall corners and  replacing the non-structural wood or metal &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking" title="Blocking" target="_blank"&gt;blocking&lt;/a&gt;    that traditionally was used to install drywall. Their function serves    to save on material and labour expenses; to minimize call backs due  to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Truss_uplift&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Truss uplift (page does not exist)" target="_blank"&gt;truss uplift&lt;/a&gt;; to increase &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use" target="_blank"&gt;energy efficiency&lt;/a&gt;; and to make plumbing and electrical installation simpler.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:206px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png/204px-Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png" width="204" height="96" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall-screws-v1_%281%29.png" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  Drywall screws are designed to be self-tapping.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Drywall   screws heads have a curved taper, allowing them to self-pilot  and   install rapidly without punching through the paper cover. These  screws   are set slightly into the drywall. When drywall is hung on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_%28construction%29" title="Framing (construction)" target="_blank"&gt;wood framing&lt;/a&gt;, screws having an acute point and widely spaced threads are used. When drywall is hung on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light-gauge&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Light-gauge (page does not exist)" target="_blank"&gt;light-gauge&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steel_framing&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Steel framing (page does not exist)" target="_blank"&gt;steel framing&lt;/a&gt;, screws having an acute point and finely spaced threads are used. If the steel framing is heavier than 20-&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge" title="Gauge" target="_blank"&gt;gauge&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-tapping" title="Self-tapping" target="_blank"&gt;self-tapping&lt;/a&gt; screws with finely spaced threads must be used. In some applications, the drywall may be attached to the wall with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive" target="_blank"&gt;adhesives&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:222px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Screwgun.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Screwgun.jpg/220px-Screwgun.jpg" width="220" height="177" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Screwgun.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Electric screw gun used to drive drywall screws&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;After the sheets are secured to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_Framing_Method" title="Platform Framing Method" target="_blank"&gt;wall studs&lt;/a&gt; or ceiling &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joist" title="Joist" target="_blank"&gt;joists&lt;/a&gt;, the seams between drywall sheets are concealed using &lt;i&gt;joint tape&lt;/i&gt; and several layers of &lt;i&gt;joint compound&lt;/i&gt; (sometimes called &lt;i&gt;mud&lt;/i&gt;).    This compound is also applied to any screw holes or defects. The    compound is allowed to air dry then typically sanded smooth before    painting. Alternatively, for a better finish, the entire wall may be    given a &lt;i&gt;skim coat&lt;/i&gt;, a thin layer (about 1 mm or 1/16 inch) of    finishing compound, to minimize the visual differences between the paper    and mudded areas after painting.&lt;br /&gt;Another similar skim coating is always done in a process called  veneer   plastering, although it is done slightly thicker (about 2 mm or    1/8 inch). Veneering uses a slightly different specialized setting    compound ("finish plaster") that contains gypsum and lime &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putty" title="Putty" target="_blank"&gt;putty&lt;/a&gt;.    This application uses blueboard, which has special treated paper to    accelerate the setting of the gypsum plaster component. This setting  has   far less shrinkage than the air-dry compounds normally used in   drywall,  so it only requires one coat. Blueboard also has square edges   rather  than the tapered-edge drywall boards. The tapered drywall  boards  are  used to countersink the tape in taped jointing whereas the  tape in   veneer plastering is buried beneath a level surface. One coat  veneer   plaster over dry board is an intermediate style step between  full   multi-coat "wet" plaster and the limited joint-treatment-only  given   "dry" wall.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Water damage and mold" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Water damage and mold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="width:252px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_splotch.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Drywall_splotch.jpg/250px-Drywall_splotch.jpg" width="250" height="188" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_splotch.jpg" title="Enlarge" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  Drywall water damage in a closet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Drywall is easily damaged by exposure to water. While it can be waterproofed through &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond" target="_blank"&gt;covalent&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofing" title="Waterproofing" target="_blank"&gt;waterproofing&lt;/a&gt;, if waterproofing is absent or if the waterproofing layer is punctured, &lt;a href="http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/maho/yohoyohe/momo/momo_007.cfm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;water will cause drywall to swell and eventually disintegrate, requiring replacement&lt;/a&gt;. Drywall is a porous, lightweight substance that &lt;a href="http://www.ncma.org/resources/Marketing%20Resources/Mold%20Materials/Aug03CMD.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;supports the growth of mold&lt;/a&gt;. It is for this reason that &lt;a href="http://homerenovations.about.com/od/wallsandtrim/a/artgreenboard.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;greenboard&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_board" title="Cement board" target="_blank"&gt;cement board&lt;/a&gt; is used for rooms expected to have high humidity.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Fire resistance" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Fire resistance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; When used as a component in fire barriers, drywall is a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_fire_protection" title="Passive fire protection" target="_blank"&gt;passive fire protection&lt;/a&gt; item. In its natural state, gypsum contains the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization" title="Water of crystallization" target="_blank"&gt;water of crystallization&lt;/a&gt; bound in the form of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate" target="_blank"&gt;hydrates&lt;/a&gt;. When exposed to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat" title="Heat" target="_blank"&gt;heat&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire" title="Fire" target="_blank"&gt;fire&lt;/a&gt;,    this water is vapourised, retarding heat transfer. Therefore, a fire   in  one room that is separated from an adjacent room by a   fire-resistance  rated drywall assembly will not cause this adjacent   room to get any  warmer than the boiling point (100°C) until the water   in the gypsum is  gone. This makes &lt;b&gt;drywall&lt;/b&gt; an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation" title="Ablation" target="_blank"&gt;ablative&lt;/a&gt;    material because as the hydrates sublime, a crumbly dust is left    behind, which, along with the paper, is sacrificial. Generally, the more    layers of Type X drywall one adds, the more one increases the    fire-resistance of the assembly, be it horizontal or vertical. Evidence    of this can be found both in publicly available design catalogues,    including, but not limited to DIN4102 Part 4 and the Canadian Building    Code on the topic, as well as common certification listings, including    but not limited to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certification_listing" title="Certification listing" target="_blank"&gt;certification listings&lt;/a&gt; provided by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" title="Underwriters Laboratories" target="_blank"&gt;Underwriters Laboratories&lt;/a&gt;    and Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC). "Type X" drywall is    formulated by adding glass fibers to the gypsum, to increase the    resistance to fires, especially once the hydrates are spent, which    leaves the gypsum in powder form. Type X is typically the material    chosen to construct walls and ceilings that are required to have a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-resistance_rating" title="Fire-resistance rating" target="_blank"&gt;fire-resistance rating&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem1.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Drywall_firestop_problem1.jpg/81px-Drywall_firestop_problem1.jpg" width="81" height="120" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A typical fire problem—the measures taken by the plumbers and the drywallers are at cross-purposes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem2.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Drywall_firestop_problem2.jpg/81px-Drywall_firestop_problem2.jpg" width="81" height="120" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Another example: this &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel" title="Steel" target="_blank"&gt;steel&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeve_%28construction%29" title="Sleeve (construction)" target="_blank"&gt;sleeve&lt;/a&gt;, a penetrant, causes more problems than it solves.&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem3.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Drywall_firestop_problem3.jpg/79px-Drywall_firestop_problem3.jpg" width="79" height="119" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Penetrants have been punched and burned through drywall, compromising its integrity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:34px 0pt;width:150px"&gt; &lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_shaft_damage.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Drywall_shaft_damage.jpg/120px-Drywall_shaft_damage.jpg" width="120" height="78" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Mechanical shaft with compromised fire-resistance rating through pipe installation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:33px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_firestop_problem4.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Drywall_firestop_problem4.jpg/120px-Drywall_firestop_problem4.jpg" width="120" height="80" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Finished, painted, fire-resistance rated drywall assembly. A common &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deficiency" title="Deficiency" target="_blank"&gt;deficiency&lt;/a&gt;: Lift ceiling tiles and find electrical and mechanical service penetrations without a firestop.&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:13px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drywall_reality.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Drywall_reality.jpg/92px-Drywall_reality.jpg" width="92" height="119" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Improper drywall and absent firestops&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:36px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:How_cambrian_college.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/How_cambrian_college.jpg/120px-How_cambrian_college.jpg" width="120" height="74" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Improper firestop and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing" target="_blank"&gt;fireproofing&lt;/a&gt; interface, August 2000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt; &lt;div style="padding:19px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cambrian_college_no_firestop_1.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cambrian_college_no_firestop_1.jpg/120px-Cambrian_college_no_firestop_1.jpg" width="120" height="108" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Improper breach of fire-resistance rated drywall assembly, August 2000&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="width:155px"&gt;&lt;div style="padding:21px 0pt;width:150px"&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:120px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nortown_plastic_pipe_drywall.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nortown_plastic_pipe_drywall.jpg/120px-Nortown_plastic_pipe_drywall.jpg" width="120" height="104" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The "I-was-there-first" scenario, resulting in improper drywall firestops with plastic &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping" title="Piping" target="_blank"&gt;piping&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Fire testing of drywall assemblies for the purpose of expanding national catalogues, such as the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Building_Code_of_Canada" title="National Building Code of Canada" target="_blank"&gt;National Building Code of Canada&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany" target="_blank"&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;'s Part 4 of DIN4102 and its British cousin BS476, are a matter of routine &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development" target="_blank"&gt;research and development&lt;/a&gt;    work in more than one nation and can be sponsored jointly by national    authorities and representatives of the drywall industry. For example,    the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Research_Council_of_Canada" title="National Research Council of Canada" target="_blank"&gt;National Research Council of Canada&lt;/a&gt; routinely publishes such findings.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-7" target="_blank"&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    The results are printed as approved designs in the back of the   building  code. Generally, exposure of drywall on a panel furnace   removes the  water and calcines the exposed drywall and also heats the   studs and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener" target="_blank"&gt;fasteners&lt;/a&gt; holding the drywall. This typically results in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_%28engineering%29" title="Deflection (engineering)" target="_blank"&gt;deflection&lt;/a&gt; of the assembly towards the fire, as that is the location where the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_%28chemistry%29" title="Sublimation (chemistry)" target="_blank"&gt;sublimation&lt;/a&gt; occurs, which weakens the assembly, due to the fire influence.&lt;br /&gt;  When tests are cosponsored, resulting in code recognized designs with    assigned fire-resistance ratings, the resulting designs become part of    the code and are not limited to use by any one manufacturer, provided    the material used in the field configuration can be demonstrated to  meet   the minimum requirements of Type X drywall (such as an entry in  the   appropriate category of the UL Building Materials Directory) and  that   sufficient layers and thicknesses are used. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_test" title="Fire test" target="_blank"&gt;Fire test&lt;/a&gt; reports for such unique third party tests are confidential.&lt;br /&gt;Deflection of drywall assemblies is important to consider to maintain    the integrity of drywall assemblies in order to preserve their ratings.    The deflection of drywall assemblies can vary somewhat from one test  to   another. Importantly, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrant" title="Penetrant" target="_blank"&gt;penetrants&lt;/a&gt; do not follow the deflection movement of the drywall assemblies they penetrate. For example, see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_tray" title="Cable tray" target="_blank"&gt;cable tray&lt;/a&gt; movement in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tray_cross_barrier.jpg" title="File:Tray cross barrier.jpg" target="_blank"&gt;German test&lt;/a&gt;. It is, therefore, important to test &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop" target="_blank"&gt;firestops&lt;/a&gt;    in full scale wall panel tests, so that the deflection of each    applicable assembly can be taken into account. The size of the test wall    assembly alone is not the only consideration for firestop tests. If   the  penetrants are mounted to and hung off the drywall assembly itself    during the test, this does not constitute a realistic deflection    exposure insofar as the firestop is concerned. In reality, on a    construction site, penetrants are hung off the ceiling above. Penetrants    may increase in length, push and pull as a result of operational    temperature changes (&lt;i&gt;e.g.&lt;/i&gt;, hot and cold water in a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pipe" title="Water pipe" target="_blank"&gt;pipe&lt;/a&gt;),    particularly in a fire, but it is a physical impossibility to have  the   penetrants follow the movement of drywall assemblies that they    penetrate, since they are not mounted to the drywalls in a building. It    is, therefore, counterproductive to suspend penetrants from the  drywall   assembly during a fire test. As downward deflection of the  drywall   assembly and buckling towards the fire occurs, the top of the  firestop   is squeezed and the bottom of the firestop is pulled, and  this is motion   over and above that, which is caused by the expansion  of metallic   penetrants, due to heat exposure in a fire. Both types of  motion occur   in reality, because metal first expands in a fire and  then softens once   the critical temperature has been reached, as is  explained under &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_steel" title="Structural steel" target="_blank"&gt;structural steel&lt;/a&gt;.    To simulate the drywall deflection effect, one can simply mount the    penetrants to the steel frame holding the test assembly. The  operational   and fire induced motion of the penetrants, which is  independent of the   assemblies penetrated, can be separately arranged.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9" title="Edit section: North American market" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;North American market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; North   America is one of the largest gypsum board users in the world  with a   total wallboard plant capacity of 42 billion square feet per year    (world wide 85 billion square feet per year).&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-8" target="_blank"&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    Moreover, the home building and remodeling markets in North America    have increased demand the last five years. The gypsum board market is    one of the biggest beneficiaries of the housing boom as "an average new    American home contains more than 7.31 metric tons of gypsum."&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-9" target="_blank"&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The introduction in March 2005 of the Clean Air Interstate Rule by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency" target="_blank"&gt;United States Environmental Protection Agency&lt;/a&gt; requires power plants to "cut sulfur dioxide emissions by 73%" by 2018.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-10" target="_blank"&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    The Clean Air Interstate Rule also requested that the power plants    install new scrubbers (industrial pollution control devices) to remove    sulfur dioxide present in the output waste gas. Scrubbers use the    technique of flue gas desulfurization (FGD), which produces synthetic    gypsum as a usable by-product. In response to the new supply of this raw    material, the gypsum board market was predicted to shift   significantly.  However, issues such as mercury release during calcining   need to be  resolved.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-11" target="_blank"&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Waste" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Waste&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; Because up to 17% of drywall is wasted during the manufacturing and installation processes&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2007"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;    and the drywall material is frequently not re-used, disposal can   become  a problem. Some landfill sites have banned the dumping of   drywall. Some  manufacturers take back waste wallboard from construction   sites and  recycle it into new wallboard. Recycled paper is typically   used during  manufacturing. More recently, recycling at the  construction  site itself  is being investigated. There is potential for  using  crushed drywall to  amend certain soils at building sites, such  as &lt;a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodic" title="wikt:sodic" target="_blank"&gt;sodic&lt;/a&gt; clay and silt mixtures (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_mud" title="Bay mud" target="_blank"&gt;bay mud&lt;/a&gt;), as well as using it in compost.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-12" target="_blank"&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Types available in the USA and Canada" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Types available in the USA and Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Regular white board, from 1/4" to 3/4" thickness&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Fire-resistant ("Type X"), different thickness and multiple layers    of wallboard provide increased fire rating based on the time a specific    wall assembly can withstand a standardized fire test. Often &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlite" title="Perlite" target="_blank"&gt;perlite&lt;/a&gt;, vermiculite and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boric_acid" title="Boric acid" target="_blank"&gt;boric acid&lt;/a&gt; are added to improve fire resistance.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Greenboard, the drywall that contains an oil-based additive in the    green colored paper covering that provides moisture resistance. It is    commonly used in washrooms and other areas expected to experience    elevated levels of humidity.&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Blueboard, blue face paper forms a strong bond with a skim coat or a    built-up plaster finish providing both water and mold resistance.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_board" title="Cement board" target="_blank"&gt;Cement board&lt;/a&gt;, which is more water-resistant than greenboard, for use in showers or sauna rooms, and as a base for ceramic tile&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Soundboard is made from wood fibers to increase the sound rating (STC)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Soundproof drywall is a laminated drywall made with gypsum, other    materials, and damping polymers to significantly increase the STC&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Mold-resistant, paperless drywall&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enviroboard" title="Enviroboard" target="_blank"&gt;Enviroboard&lt;/a&gt;, a board made from recycled agricultural materials&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lead-lined drywall, a drywall used around radiological equipment&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Foil-backed drywall to control moisture in a building or room&lt;sup style="white-space:nowrap" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009"&gt;[&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" target="_blank"&gt;citation needed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Controlled density (CD), also called ceiling board, which is    available only in 1/2" thickness and is significantly stiffer than    regular white board.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;EcoRock, a drywall which uses a combination of 20 materials    including recycled fly ash, slag, kiln dust and fillers and no starch    cellulose; it is advertised as being environmentally-friendly due to the    use of recycled materials and an energy efficient process.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-13" target="_blank"&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gypsum "Firecode C." This board is similar in composition to Type    X,except that it has more glass fibers,and, it has another ingredient in    the gypsum core. This ingredient is a shrinkage-compensating  additive,  a  form of vermiculite. When exposed to high heat, the gypsum  core  shrinks  but the shrinkage-compensating element expands at about  the  same rate  as shrinkage occurs in the water-depleted gypsum.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The gypsum core then is more stable in a fire and remains in place    even after the combined water in the gypsum has been driven off.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Common drywall tools" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Common drywall tools&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench_%28furniture%29" title="Bench (furniture)" target="_blank"&gt;Benches&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk_line" title="Chalk line" target="_blank"&gt;Chalk line&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Corner &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trowel" title="Trowel" target="_blank"&gt;trowel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Dimpler&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall adhesive glue guns&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall cart&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall fastener&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall (hatchet) hammer&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall lifter&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall jack&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drywall &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screws" title="Screws" target="_blank"&gt;screws&lt;/a&gt; and nails&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;Electric &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screwdriver" title="Screwdriver" target="_blank"&gt;screwdriver&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_saw" title="Keyhole saw" target="_blank"&gt;Keyhole saw&lt;/a&gt; or drywall router&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Pencil&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surform" title="Surform" target="_blank"&gt;Surform&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_gun" title="Screw gun" target="_blank"&gt;Screw gun&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stud_finder" title="Stud finder" target="_blank"&gt;Stud finder&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_measure" title="Tape measure" target="_blank"&gt;Tape measure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taping_knife" title="Taping knife" target="_blank"&gt;Taping knife&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;T-square&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Utility knife&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Levels of finish" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Levels of finish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; "In   1990, four major trade associations, the Association of Wall and    Ceiling Industries International (AWCI), the Ceilings and Interior    Systems Construction Association (CISCA), the Gypsum Association (GA),    and the Painting and Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA),  presented   the consensus document Levels of &lt;b&gt;Gypsum Board&lt;/b&gt; Finish.  The   document was created to "precisely describe" the desired finish  of walls   and ceilings prior to final decoration. This precise  description   enables contractors to better understand the requirements  of architects   and building owners in order to enhance the satisfaction  of the client.   Specifications that include the Levels of Gypsum Board  Finish also   promote competitive bidding that allows the bidder to  consider the   correct labor and materials to finish the wall suitably  for its final   decoration." &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-14" target="_blank"&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The official document (summarized below) is known as &lt;a href="http://www.nationalgypsum.com/literature/GA-214-96.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;GA-214-96 "Recommended Levels of Gypsum Board Finish"&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Level 0" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; No taping, finishing, or accessories required.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Temporary construction or when final decoration is undetermined.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Level 1" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape set in joint compound.    Surface shall be free of excess joint compound. Tool marks and ridges    are acceptable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Above false ceilings or other areas that are out of public view where a degree of fire and noise resistance is required.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Level 2" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and wiped with a joint knife leaving a thin coating of joint  compound   over all joints and interior angles. Fastener heads and  accessories   shall be covered with a coat of joint compound. Surface  shall be free   of excess joint compound. Tool marks and ridges are  acceptable. Joint   compound applied over the body of the tape at the time  of tape   embedment shall be considered a separate coat of joint compound  and   shall satisfy the conditions of this level.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: As a substrate for tile walls and ceilings as well as  in   garages, warehouses, and other places where appearance is not a   primary  concern.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Level 3" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and one additional coat of joint compound applied over all  joints and   interior angles. Fastener heads and accessories shall be  covered with   two separate coats of joint compound. All joint compound  shall be   smooth and free of tool marks and ridges. It is recommended  that the   prepared surface be coated with a drywall primer prior to the    application of final finishes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Suitable base for heavy-medium textured paint or other thick finishes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Level 4" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and two separate coats of joint compound applied over all flat  joints   and one separate coat of joint compound applied over interior  angles.   Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with three  separate   coats of joint compound. All joint compound shall be smooth and  free of   tool marks and ridges. It is recommended that the prepared  surface be   coated with a drywall primer prior to the application of  final   finishes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: "Standard" household and office walls. Used with light  or   non-textured finishes. Not suitable for harsh lighting conditions,    which may highlight minor imperfections&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Level 5" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Level 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt; All   joints and interior angles shall have tape embedded in joint  compound   and two separate coats of joint compound applied over all flat  joints   and one separate coat of joint compound applied over interior  angles.   Fastener heads and accessories shall be covered with three  separate   coats of joint compound. A thin skim coat of joint compound, or  a   material manufactured especially for this purpose, shall be applied  to   the entire surface. The surface shall be smooth and free of tool  marks   and ridges. It is recommended that the prepared surface be coated   with a  drywall primer prior to the application of finish paint. The  skim  coat  is a final leveling agent suitable to smooth out a surface  to be  used  under the harshest lighting conditions that may otherwise  highlight  any  imperfections under the finished surface.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Usage&lt;/b&gt;: Gloss and entirely non-textured surfaces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Defective Chinese imports" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Defective Chinese imports&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div&gt;Main article: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Chinese_drywall_controversy" title="2009 Chinese drywall controversy" target="_blank"&gt;2009 Chinese drywall controversy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;There   are reports that a substantial amount of defective drywall was    imported into the United States from China and incorporated into tens of    thousands of homes during rebuilding in 2006 and 2007 following    Hurricane Katrina and in other places. Complaints include foul odor,    health effects, and corrosion of metal within the structure. The same    drywall was sold in Asia without problems resulting, but U.S. homes    built much more tightly than homes in China, with less ventilation. A    number of lawsuits are underway in many jurisdictions, but many of the    sheets of drywall are simply marked, "Made in China", thus making    identification of the Chinese manufacturer difficult. An investigation    by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_Product_Safety_Commission" title="Consumer Product Safety Commission" target="_blank"&gt;Consumer Product Safety Commission&lt;/a&gt;, CPSC, was underway in 2009.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-15" target="_blank"&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;    In November 2009, the CPSC reported a "strong association" between    Chinese drywall and corrosion of pipes and wires reported by thousands    of homeowners in the United States. Further findings have shown that    volatile sulfur compounds, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide" target="_blank"&gt;hydrogen sulfide&lt;/a&gt;,    have been detected as emissions from the imported drywall and may be    linked to health problems. Volatile sulfur compounds are emitted from    many different types of drywall, and at least one investigation has    pointed to high levels being emitted from drywalls manufactured in the    United States.&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_note-16" target="_blank"&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=21" title="Edit section: See also" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;See also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark" target="_blank"&gt;Certification mark&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compartmentalization_%28engineering%29" title="Compartmentalization (engineering)" target="_blank"&gt;Compartmentalization&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction" title="Construction" target="_blank"&gt;Construction&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothermic" title="Endothermic" target="_blank"&gt;Endothermic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection" target="_blank"&gt;Fire protection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_%28construction%29" title="Firewall (construction)" target="_blank"&gt;Firewall (construction)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homasote" title="Homasote" target="_blank"&gt;Homasote&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockdown_texture" title="Knockdown texture" target="_blank"&gt;Knockdown&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification" target="_blank"&gt;Product certification&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuietRock" title="QuietRock" target="_blank"&gt;QuietRock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Gypsum" title="United States Gypsum" target="_blank"&gt;United States Gypsum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=22" title="Edit section: References" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-0" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://teaohou.natlib.govt.nz/journals/teaohou/image/Mao46TeA/Mao46TeA062.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;TE AO HOU THE MAORI MAGAZINE[electronic resource]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-oldhouseweb.com_1-0" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-oldhouseweb.com_1-1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.oldhouseweb.com/how-to-advice/repairing-historic-flat-plaster-walls-and-ceilings-introduction.shtml" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Repairing Historic Flat Plaster Walls and Ceilings By The Old House Web&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-National_Park_Service:_Preservation_Brief_21:_Repairing_Historic_Flat_Plaster--Walls_and_Ceilings_2-0" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/TPS/briefs/brief21.htm#Historical%20Background" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Preservation Brief 21: Repairing Historic Flat Plaster-Walls and Ceilings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;^ &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-gypsum.org_3-0" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-gypsum.org_3-1" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.gypsum.org/mediaguide.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.gypsum.org/mediaguide.html&lt;/a&gt; Gypsum Association History of Gypsum Board&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-4" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.drywalltips.org/background.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;"Drywall"&lt;/a&gt;. DrywallTips.org&lt;span&gt;. &lt;a href="http://www.drywalltips.org/background.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.drywalltips.org/background.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Retrieved 2010-12-03&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Drywall&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.pub=DrywallTips.org&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drywalltips.org%2Fbackground.htm&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Drywall"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-5" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Global Gypsum Magazine, January 2009, p. 18&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-6" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; *&lt;a href="http://www.gypsum.org/pdf/GA-600-09_Print_7_Megs.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Gypsum Association - Fire Resistance Design Manual (GA-600-2009)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-7" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc41733/nrcc41733.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Performance of wood stud shear walls exposed to fire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-8" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/gypsumcs06.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-9" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/gypsmyb01.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Donald W. Olson (2002) &lt;i&gt;Gypsum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; History and production&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-10" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.epa.gov/cair/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Clean Air Interstate Rule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-11" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.flyash.info/2003/75heeb.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Mercury Release from FGD Gypsum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-12" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080421224805/http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Markets/StatusRpts/Inerts.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Recycled Inerts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-13" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.popsci.com/bown/2008/product/serious-materials-ecorock" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Serious Materials EcoRock&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Popular Science&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-14" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nationalgypsum.com/resources/techtalk/revisiting.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;National Gypsum Company: Levels of Gypsum Board Finish&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-15" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/08/business/08drywall.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;"Thousands of U.S. Homeowners Cite Drywall for Ills"&lt;/a&gt; article by Leslie Wayne in &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" target="_blank"&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; October 7, 2009&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall#cite_ref-16" target="_blank"&gt;^&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/11/23/cbsnews_investigates/main5752469.shtml?tag=cbsnewsTwoColUpperPromoArea" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Homeowners Charge U.S. Made Toxic Drywall - CBS News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span&gt;[&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drywall&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=23" title="Edit section: External links" target="_blank"&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;External links&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;table style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid rgb(170,170,170)"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;Wikimedia Commons has media related to: &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drywalls" title="commons:Category:Drywalls" target="_blank"&gt;Drywall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gypsum.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Gypsum Association, an organization of manufacturers of gypsum board in the U.S. and Canada&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.iagram.com/index.php/diagrams?func=detail&amp;amp;id=99" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Cut-away diagram of soundproof drywall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&amp;amp;an=5753664&amp;amp;article=17&amp;amp;lang=en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Results    of 22 tests run at National Research Council of Canada, M.A. Sultan   and  G.D. Lougheed, some passed, some failed, determining influence of    various factors in the design of drywall assemblies.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ncma.org/resources/Marketing%20Resources/Articles%20for%20Print%20and%20Radio/How%20to%20Prevent%20and%20Control%20mold%20in%20Your%20Home/Mold.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Article on preventing mold growth in lightweight construction such as drywall&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ncma.org/resources/Documents/Fire%20Safety%20Materials/WallAssemblies.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Fire    Test Report per ASTM E119 on Drywall Assemblies with Hose Stream run    immediately following Fire Exposure, including pictures.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.drywallca.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"&gt;Drywall Information Trust Fund&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;Retrieved from "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall" target="_blank"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drywall&lt;/a&gt;"&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" target="_blank"&gt;Categories&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Composite_materials" title="Category:Composite materials" target="_blank"&gt;Composite materials&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; | &lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Building_materials" title="Category:Building materials" target="_blank"&gt;Building materials&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; | &lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Passive_fire_protection" title="Category:Passive fire protection" target="_blank"&gt;Passive fire protection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; | &lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wallcoverings" title="Category:Wallcoverings" target="_blank"&gt;Wallcoverings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Contractors, offer free  estimates  to Oakland County, Macomb County and Wayne County Michigan  residents  for the following services:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypaint.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Painting&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michigan Residential Painting,  Mi Commercial Painting,  Mi Industrial  Painting,  Mi Interior Painting,  Mi Exterior Painting,  Mi home  painting,  Mi house painting,  Mi office painting,  Mi Murals,  Mi  Staining and varnishing,  Mi Faux Finishes (multiple methods),  Mi &lt;b&gt;Epoxy floor coatings,  Mi Heavy Industrial Floor Resurfacing&lt;/b&gt;,  Mi Wall paper removal,  Mi Wall paper hanging,  Mi Caulking,  Mi &lt;b&gt;Fire and Water Damage Repair,  Mi Insurance work&lt;/b&gt;,   Mi walls,  Mi ceilings,  Mi rafters,  Mi Cleaning and painting metal  deck ceilings,  Mi Power washing, Water-Blast Cleaning,  Mi Deck  restoration,  Mi Deck Cleaning,  Mi Deck Staining and water proofing,   Mi Block or Concrete water proofing,  Mi Block and Concrete Staining, &lt;b&gt;Air  hangers,  Mi industrial coatings, painting industrial structures in   Mi,  Mi Storage Tank painting, abrasive resistant coatings in  Mi, heat  resistant coatings in  Mi, Painting parking structures in  Mi, painting  parking garages in  Mi, painting Arenas in  Mi, Entertainment Venues,  Painting Towers in  Mi, Painting smoke stacks in  Mi, Painting  apartments in  Mi, Painting Condo's in  Mi, Painting Hotels in  Mi,  Painting Casinos, Fire Retardant Painting in  Mi, Anti graffiti painting  in  Mi, Adhesive Coatings in  Mi, Anti Corrosion Coatings in  Mi,  Ceramic Adhesives in  Mi, Electrostatic coatings in  Mi, Wall Coatings  in  Mi, Heat Resistant Coatings in  Mi, Industrial Adhesives in  Mi,  Paint Adhesives, Polyurethane Adhesives, Specialty Primers in  Mi, Water  Proof Paints, Painting Storage silos in  Mi, Painting farm equipment  in  Mi, Barn painting in  Mi, maintenance, government property painting  maintenance in  Mi, property maintenance painting in  Mi, military base  painting maintenance in  Mi, military building painting maintenance in   Mi, government building painting maintenance in  Mi, Factories, Factory  painting in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Roof coatings&lt;b&gt; in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Painting &lt;b&gt;Health  facilities in  Mi, Painting Hospitals in  Mi, Painting Nursing Homes in   Mi, Industrial plant Painting Maintenance in  Mi, Painting Restaurants  in  Mi, &lt;/b&gt;Aluminum anything painting including fences and siding, &lt;b&gt;Steele  structure coatings including metal deck ceilings in  Mi, Large and  Small Spraying Applications of High-performance Chemical Coatings in   Mi, Technical Coating Applications in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Tank &amp;amp; Storage Vessel Painting &amp;amp; Coatings&lt;b&gt; in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Sand Blasting&lt;b&gt; in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Corrosion Control&lt;b&gt; in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Sandblasting and Water-blasting, &lt;b&gt;Concrete Polishing in  Mi, Diamond Polishing in  Mi&lt;/b&gt;, Blast Cleaning with Environmentally-safe Media (BlackBeauty™, aluminum oxide, walnut shells, etc.)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypaint.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Drywall&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drywall demolition&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drywall Installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drywall Repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drywall Hanging&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drywall Taping&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drywall Finishing&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drywall sanding, Popcorn ceilings &amp;amp; other textured wall &amp;amp; ceiling applications&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.oaklandcountypaint.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Carpentry&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:10pt;"  &gt;Rough Carpentry&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Finish Carpentry&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Custom Carpentry&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Rotted wood replacement&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Basement Finishing&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Interior Demolition&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Interior Carpentry&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Exterior Carpentry&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Window &amp;amp; Door installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi including bay windows or any kind of custom carpentry work&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Drop Ceilings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, any form of Acoustical ceilings and finishes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Stair installment and removal&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Siding repair and Installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Aluminum or Vinyl Siding removal and installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Roof repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, roof removal&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, roof installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, flat roofs&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, all roofs, roof deicing, gutter cleaning&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, gutter repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, gutter installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, interior and exterior decorative trim installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, crown molding installation&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Custom Deck Building&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Deck Repair&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Tile flooring and other flooring needs&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Tile walls&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Rehabbing houses&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, rehabbing homes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, rehabbing buildings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, rehabbing properties&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling homes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling houses&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling buildings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, remodeling properties&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, Restoring houses&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, restoring homes&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, restoring buildings&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, restoring properties&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, bathroom remodeling&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, kitchen remodeling&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, home additions&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, noise prevention&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Mi, sound barriers, sound control&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in  Michigan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;div style="margin-bottom:0in"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-small;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;span&gt; Posted by &lt;span&gt;Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt; at &lt;a href="http://www.paintermichigan.com/2011/02/eastpointe-painting-contractor.html" rel="bookmark" title="permanent link" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;abbr title="2012-01-13T01:04:00-08:00"&gt;1:04 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-7906285943917956295?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/7906285943917956295'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/7906285943917956295'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2012/01/west-bloomfield-painters-michigan.html' title='Painting in Michigan'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-omfkwXBqsyg/TxCngc3sveI/AAAAAAAAAOc/EGuanxDKP9M/s72-c/Custom+Interior+Painting+in+Oakland+County+Mi..jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-4662286534346582407</id><published>2011-02-22T09:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-02-22T09:48:40.811-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Painting contractors in Michigan (248) 787-0963</title><content type='html'>Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc. – S. E. Michigan, Metro Detroit, Oakland county, Macomb County, Wayne County, Quality Interior and Exterior, Residential, Industrial and Commercial Painting, Drywall and Carpentry Contractor – 248-787-0963 - Residential &amp;amp; Commercial crews available&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Custom Painting for the Quality Conscious Homeowner&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Premium Grade Coatings Used&lt;br /&gt;• Thorough Surface Preparation&lt;br /&gt;• Fully Insured&lt;br /&gt;• Quality Guaranteed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For a free interior paint or exterior paint estimate and other services, please contact us at (248) 787-0963&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oakland County Painting and Drywall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oakland county painting and drywall contractor providing reliable residential, industrial and commercial interior and exterior quality remodeling, restoration, custom painting, carpentry, drywall repair and installation to metro Detroit and all of south east Michigan 248-787-0963&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oakland county mi. painting and drywall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oakland County's Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc (www.oaklandcountypaint.com) Is a local Oakland County painting and drywall contractor with many years of experience specializing in interior and exterior painting , all carpentry, drywall, remodeling, restoration and repairs. Whether you're a perfectionist looking for the best quality custom work or a Realtor simply looking to quickly fix up a property, you can assure Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc will provide the necessary services you need with golden results. We strive to be Oakland County's leading interior and exterior painting, drywall, and carpentry company. Oakland County Golden Touch Painting &amp;amp; Drywall Inc. is a group of painting, drywall and carpentry craftsman devoted to expanding painting, drywall and carpentry knowledge, and to preserve and beautify Oakland County Mi. and the surrounding areas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let us remodel, repair or restore the interior or exterior of your home or place of business to a place of beauty, relaxation and serenity. Golden Touch Painting and Drywall repair is Oakland Counties leading interior and exterior painting, drywall, carpentry, restoration and remodeling company. We have performed so many quality, custom carpentry, painting and drywall repairs both commercial and residential all over metro Detroit and other Oakland County Mi. cities such as Troy, Birmingham, Rochester Hills, Royal Oak, Ferndale, West Bloomfield, Bloomfield Hills, Southfield and so many other Oakland County cities. We are a company who has worked hard to earn a reputation for quality craftsmanship and look forward to showing the residents of Oakland County that it is well deserved. It is important to us to build a strong relationship with you, the communities, business owners and contractors which we serve. It's our goal to leave every customer satisfied, wanting to use us for many years to come and also recommend us to others. We pride ourselves on attention to detail and custom quality work, you can rest assure that the ending results of anything we touch will be as good as gold!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please do not get us mixed up with your regular ordinary handyman service, because all of the individuals that work for Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc are professional and reliable craftsman, each specializing in there own field of operations with many years of experience under there belts. For instance, we have certain painters who are more knowledgeable and experienced dealing with high end residential custom repaints, also we have other professional painters who are more experienced with commercial painting aspects, others who are more experienced with interior painting, and others who are more experienced with exterior painting and the same goes for our drywall crews and carpentry crews, so whichever your needs might be you can rest assure that Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Inc. of Oakland County Michigan will provide you with the best qualified professionals performing the best quality work and craftsmanship available each in there own fields of operation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Contractors offer free estimates to Oakland County, Macomb County and Wayne County residents for the following services:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Painting:&lt;br /&gt;Residential Painting, Commercial Painting, Industrial Painting, Interior Painting &amp; Exterior Painting, home painting, house painting, office painting, Murals, Staining and varnishing, Faux Finishes (multiple methods), Epoxy floor coatings, Heavy Industrial Floor Resurfacing, Murals, Staining and varnishing, faux painting, Faux Finishes (multiple methods), Wall paper removal, Wall paper hanging, Caulking, Fire and Water Damage Repair, Insurance work, walls, ceilings, rafters, metal deck ceilings, Power washing, Water-Blast Cleaning 3,000-25,000 psi, Deck restoration, Deck Cleaning, Deck Staining and water proofing, Block or Concrete water proofing, Block and Concrete Staining, Air hangers, industrial coatings, industrial structures, Storage Tank painting, abrasive resistant coatings, heat resistant coatings, parking structures, parking garages, Arenas, Entertainment Venues, Towers, smoke stacks, apartments, Condo's, Hotels, Casinos, Fire Retardant Painting, Anti graffiti painting, Adhesive Coatings, Anti Corrosion Coatings, Ceramic Adhesives, Electrostatic coatings, Wall Coatings, Heat Resistant Coatings, Industrial Adhesives, Paint Adhesives, Polyurethane Adhesives, Specialty Primers, Water Proof Paints, Storage silos, farm equipment painting, Barn painting, maintenance, government property maintenance, property maintenance, military base maintenance, military building maintenance, government building maintenance, Factories, Factory painting, Roof coatings, Health facilities, Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Industrial plant Maintenance, Restaurants, Aluminum anything painting including fences and siding, Steele structure coatings including metal deck ceilings, Large and Small Spraying Applications of High-performance Chemical Coatings, Technical Coating Applications, Tank &amp; Storage Vessel Painting &amp; Coatings, Sand Blasting, Corrosion Control, Sandblasting and Water-blasting, Concrete Polishing, Diamond Polishing, Blast Cleaning with Environmentally-safe Media (BlackBeauty™, aluminum oxide, walnut shells, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;Drywall:&lt;br /&gt;Drywall demolition, Drywall Installation, Drywall Repair, Drywall Hanging, Drywall Taping, Drywall Finishing, Drywall sanding, Popcorn ceilings &amp; other textured wall &amp; ceiling applications.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Carpentry:&lt;br /&gt;Rough Carpentry, Finish Carpentry, Custom Carpentry, Rotted wood replacement, Basement Finishing, Interior Demolition, Interior Carpentry, Exterior Carpentry, Window &amp; Door installation including bay windows or any kind of custom carpentry work, Drop Ceilings, any form of Acoustical ceilings and finishes, Stair installment and removal, Siding repair and Installation, Aluminum or Vinyl Siding removal and installation, Roof repair, roof removal, roof installation, flat roofs, all roofs, roof deicing, gutter cleaning, gutter repair, gutter installation, interior and exterior decorative trim installation, crown molding installation, Custom Deck Building, Deck Repair, Tile flooring and other flooring needs, Tile walls, Rehabbing houses, rehabbing homes, rehabbing buildings, rehabbing properties, remodeling homes, remodeling houses, remodeling buildings, remodeling properties, Restoring houses, restoring homes, restoring buildings, restoring properties, bathroom remodeling, kitchen remodeling, home additions, noise prevention, sound barriers, sound control. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We focus on individual service and attention to detail that produces dramatic results in a personal, professional and cost-effective manner. We take great pride in our ability to provide professional service and efficient completion of all your project needs.&lt;br /&gt;With so many years of experience with commercial, industrial and residential interior and exterior painting, drywall hanging and finishing, carpentry, remodeling and restoration in the Oakland County area, our team of precision quality painters, drywall hangers, finishers and carpenters can take care of almost any issue's within these fields of operation. From a straightforward paint job to complete renovations. We have been contracted to paint, remodel or restore nearly every type of structure, be it a restaurant, an apartment building, a Home Owners Association, a custom home, a place of business, an entire commercial office complex or an industrial site. In addition, we guarantee our results so that you know you will get the best quality job within your price range.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch Painting &amp; Drywall of Troy and Birmingham Michigan understands that your home or business can be one of your most valuable assets, so we strive to make the finished product something that helps retain its value for decades to come. Our friendly and respectful staff will treat your house or place of business like it was their own and our crews are trained to be responsive and hassle-free when dealing with clients. We do our best to try to give you your privacy while we work and will be more than happy to thoroughly answer any questions you may have. Our quotation process is simple, without convoluted processes and fees. Step by step, Golden touch Painting and Drywall experts will walk you through your home or place of business to understand the precise needs of each individual room for interior painting and inspect every curve and nook on the outside for exterior work. Golden Touch Painting and Drywall's thorough and experienced Troy and Birmingham staff will make sure your home or business painting, remodeling or restoration project is complete on-budget and on-time.&lt;br /&gt;We focus on individual service and attention to detail that produces dramatic results in a personal, professional and cost-effective manner. We take great pride in our ability to provide professional service and efficient completion of all your project needs. Our experience allows us to complete jobs faster and with more precision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch Painting &amp; Drywall's team of qualified professionals undergo thorough training in advanced painting, drywall and carpentry techniques and safety operations. Our staff has a positive and helpful approach towards answering customers’ questions and addressing your needs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Attention to detail and custom finishes are our priorities. The most important part of a top-quality paint job is not just the painting, it is the preparation before paint is applied. Remember that paint is only as good as the surface it goes on. We take meticulous care in surface preparation and selection of outstanding surfacing materials and finishes in which we use.&lt;br /&gt;Believe it or not but carpentry, drywall and painting all deal with one another, each depending on the other to look there best, so when you have the best experts in each one of the field's putting together top quality work, you can bet on a A1 top notch quality job being performed, and that's what Golden Touch Painting &amp; Drywall Inc delivers to all of our customers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch Painting and Drywall recognizes the importance of providing our services at times that are convenient and necessary to you. Therefore, we provide crews on off-hours and weekends so our work will not interfere with your normal day-to-day operations and business.&lt;br /&gt;For our employees, we encourage the free exchange of ideas and provide opportunities for training, employment, career advancement, and economic security fairly and equally to all who would apply themselves, as well as to provide a safe working environment by establishing good safety practices in compliance with current federal, state and local laws. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oakland County Specials:&lt;br /&gt;15% off- complete repaints of Residential Exteriors to the first 20 customers to sign up for the spring and summer 2011 season.&lt;br /&gt;10% off- complete repaints of Residential interiors (Dec. – Apr.&lt;br /&gt;Multiple room discounts, Realtor discounts&lt;br /&gt;Referral bonuses&lt;br /&gt;Preferred customer discounts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Exterior Painting season is coming. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are a company who wants to provide the very best quality work along with the best possible prices to you. We have been in the home repair and restoration industry for over 10 years. It is important to us to develop strong relationships with you, the communities, business owners, and contractors which we serve, to ensure the growth of this company.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Have all of your Jobs always completed correctly the first time, on time, all of the time, with the best quality of workmanship guaranteed!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are happy to provide the following services:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interior Painting &amp; Exterior Painting, Epoxy floor coatings, Murals, Staining and varnishing, Faux Finishes (multiple methods), Wall paper removal, Wall paper hanging, new doors and windows installed, New decorative trim, crown molding installed, baseboards installed, old wood paneling removed, Fire and Water Damage Repair, Insurance work, Power washing, Block or Concrete water proofing, Deck restoration, Aluminum fence painting, Steele structure coatings, Sand Blasting, Drywall Installation, Drywall Repair, Drywall Hanging, Drywall Finishing, Popcorn ceilings &amp; other textured wall &amp; ceiling applications, Rough Carpentry, Finish Carpentry, Rotted wood replacement, Basement Finishing, Demolition, Carpentry, Window &amp; Door installation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Specials:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15% off- complete repaints of Residential Exteriors &amp; Interiors&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Multiple room discounts&lt;br /&gt;Referral bonuses&lt;br /&gt;Preferred customer discounts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.classifiedflyerads.com/ad/190735/&lt;br /&gt;http://www.classifiedflyerads.com/ad/189564/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Projects: Restaurants, Office buildings, Schools, Public facilities, Car ports, Warehouses, Churches, Condominiums, Single family homes, Custom homes, Store fronts, Factories, Manufacturing plants, Apartment exteriors&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are happy to serve the following communities in these Oakland, Macomb &amp; Wayne Michigan Counties &amp; Cities.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oakland County Michigan, Addison Township 48367, Addison Twp 48367, Auburn Hills 48321, Auburn Hills 48326, Berkley 48072, Beverly Hills 48025, Bingham Farms 48025, Birmingham 48009, Birmingham 48012, Bloomfield 48301, Bloomfield 48302, Bloomfield 48303, Bloomfield 48304, Bloomfield Hills 48301, Bloomfield Hills 48302, Bloomfield Hills 48303, Bloomfield Hills 48304, Bloomfield Township 48301, Bloomfield Township 48302, Bloomfield Township 48303, Bloomfield Township 48304, Bloomfield Twp 48303, Bloomfield Village 48301, Bloomfield Hills 48303, Bloomfield Twp 48303, Clarkston 48346, Clarkston 48347, Clarkston 48348, Clawson 48017, Commerce Township 48382, Commerce Township 48390, Commerce Twp 48382, Commerce Twp 48390, Davisburg 48350, Detroit 48220, Detroit 48237, Drayton Plains 48330, Drayton Plns 48330, Farmington 48331, Farmington 48332, Farmington 48333, Farmington 48334Farmington 48335, Farmington 48336, Farmington Hills 48331, Farmington Hills 48332, Farmington Hills 48333, Farmington Hills 48334, Farmington Hills 48335,, Farmington Hills 48336, Ferndale 48220, Franklin 48025, Goodison 48306, Hazel Park 48030, Highland 48356, Highland 48357, Holly 48442, Huntington Woods 48070, Huntington Woods 48070, Independence 48346, Independence 48348, Keego Harbor 48320, Lake Angelus 48326, Lake Orion 48359, Lake Orion 48360, Lake Orion 48361, Lake Orion 48362, Lakeville 48366, Lathrup Village 48076, Lathrup Vlg 48076, Leonard 48367, Madison Heights 48071, Madison Heights 48071, MI Metro 48340, Milford 48380, Milford 48381, New Hudson 48165, Novi 48374, Novi 48375, Novi 48376, Novi 48377, Oak Park 48237, Oakland 48306, Oakland 48363, Oakland Township 48306, Oakland Twp 48306, Orchard Lake 48323, Orchard Lake 48324, Orion 48359, Orion 48360, Orion 48362, Ortonville 48462, Oxford 48370, Oxford 48371, Pleasant Ridge 48069, Pleasant Ridge 48069, Pontiac 48340, Pontiac 48341, Pontiac 48342, Pontiac 48343, Rochester 48306, Rochester 48307, Rochester 48308, Rochester 48309, Rochester Hills 48306, Rochester Hills 48307, Rochester Hills 48309, Rochester Hls 48306, Rochester Hls 48307, Rochester Hls 48309, Royal Oak 48067, Royal Oak 48068, Royal Oak 48073, South Lyon 48178, Southfield 48033, Southfield 48034, Southfield 48037, Southfield 48075, Southfield 48076, Southfield 48086, Springfield Township 48350, Springfield Twp 48350, Sylvan Lake 48320, Troy 48007, Troy 48083, Troy 48084, Troy 48085, Troy 48098, Troy 48099, Union Lake 48387, W Bloomfield 48322, W Bloomfield 48323, W Bloomfield 48324, W Bloomfield 48325, Walled Lake 48390, Walled Lake 48391, Waterford 48327, Waterford 48328, Waterford 48329, Waterford Township 48329, West Bloomfield 48322, West Bloomfield 48323, West Bloomfield 48324, West Bloomfield 48325, White Lake 48383, White Lake 48386, Wixom 48393, Wolverine Lake 48390, Wolverine Lk 48390&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wayne County Michigan, Canton 48187, Canton 48188, Dearborn 48120, Dearborn 48121, Dearborn 48123, Dearborn 48124, Dearborn 48126, Dearborn 48128, Dearborn Heights 48125, Dearborn Heights 48127, Dearborn Hts 48125, Dearborn Hts 48127, Ecorse 48229, Flat Rock 48134, Garden City 48135, Garden City 48136, Gibraltar 48173, Grosse Ile 48138, Grosse Pointe 48215, Grosse Pointe 48224, Grosse Pointe 48230, Grosse Pointe 48236, Grosse Pointe Farms 48230, Grosse Pointe Farms 48236, Grosse Pointe Park 48215, Grosse Pointe Park 48224, Grosse Pointe Park 48230, Grosse Pointe Park 48236, Grosse Pointe Shores 48230, Grosse Pointe Shores 48236, Grosse Pointe Woods 48230, Grosse Pointe Woods 48236, Hamtramck 48211, Hamtramck 48212, Harper Woods 48225, Highland Park 48203, Inkster 48141, Lincoln Park 48146, Livonia 48150, Livonia 48151, Livonia 48152, Livonia 48153, Livonia 48154, Melvindale 48122, New Boston 48164, Northville 48167, Northville 48168, Northville Township 48167, Plymouth 48170, Redford 48239, Redford 48240, River Rouge 48218, Riverview 48192, Riverview 48193, Rockwood 48173, Romulus 48174, Southgate 48195, Sumpter Twp 48111, Taylor 48180, Trenton 48183, Van Buren Twp 48111, Wayne 48184, Westland 48185, Westland 48186, Woodhaven 48183, Wyandotte 48192, Wyandotte 48193&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Macomb County Michigan, Armada 48005, Bruce 48065, Bruce Township 48065, Bruce TWP 48065, Center Line 48015, Chesterfield 48047, Chesterfield 48051, Clinton Twp 48035, Clinton Twp 48036, Clinton Twp 48038, East Detroit 48021, Eastpointe 48021, Fraser 48026, Harrison Township 48045, Lenox 48048, Lenox 48050, Macomb 48042, Macomb 48044, Mount Clemens 48043, Mount Clemens 48046, New Baltimore 48047, New Baltimore 48051, New Haven 48048, New Haven 48050, Ray 48096, Ray Twp 48096, Richmond 48062, Romeo 48065, Roseville 48066, Saint Clair Shores 48080, Saint Clair Shores 48081, Saint Clair Shores 48082, Selfridge 48045, Selfridge Angb 48045, Shelby Township 48315, Shelby Township 48316, Shelby Township 48317, Shelby Township 48318, St Clr Shores 48080, St Clr Shores 48081, St Clr Shores 48082, Sterling Heights 48310, Sterling Heights 48311, Sterling Heights 48312, Sterling Heights 48313, Sterling Heights 48314, Utica 48315, Utica 48316, Utica 48317, Utica 48318, Warren 48088, Warren 48089, Warren 48090, Warren 48091, Warren 48092, Warren 48093, Warren 48397, Washington Twp 48094, Washington Twp 48095,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also the surrounding Ann Arbor area&lt;br /&gt;more from usacoatings&lt;br /&gt;Beverly Hills Mi. 48025 Exterior Painting, Drywall Repairs, Birmingham 48012, Bl&lt;br /&gt;Bloomfield Township, Orchard Lake, MI, Exterior, Painting, &amp; Drywall Repair, For&lt;br /&gt;Oakland, Macomb, &amp; Wayne Mi. Exterior Painting Discounts This Month, Drywall Rep&lt;br /&gt;Oakland, Wayne, Macomb Mi. Interior &amp; Exterior Painting &amp; Drywall Contractors 24&lt;br /&gt;About Hoobly - Posting Guidelines - Privacy &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Mike Deluca of Golden Touch Painting and Drywall Repair Speaks to Contractors in Metro Detroit&lt;br /&gt;There is more to a good paint job than covering up an ugly wall; advance preparation is a very important part of the finished product&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Mark Maupin - Mr. Home Repair - Paint and Drywall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mark Maupin - Mr. Home Repair - Paint and Drywall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE&lt;br /&gt;PRLog (Press Release) – Jan 08, 2009 – Detroit, MI – Mike Deluca was a guest speaker at a workshop designed for new-in-business contractors and homeowners.  Mike began by speaking about preparation.  “You cannot just slap fresh paint on an ugly wall and expect to get satisfactory results.  It might look OK for a week or so, but eventually, stains will bleed through.  You’re wasting your time and money if you don’t properly prepare the surface.  I also advise people to gather all the necessary tools and supplies they will need in advance and to clear the room of furniture or cover the items that cannot easily be moved.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike went into detail about preparing the surface.  He suggested caulking areas around trim, doors and baseboards, filling small holes, sanding rough surfaces and removing nails, door &amp; cabinet handles and electrical outlet covers.  “Nothing looks worse than outlet covers that are painted over.  It’s also very disappointing to see old stains bleeding through your new paint job.  Use a good primer on heavily stained walls before applying paint.  Use masking tape or blue painter’s tape around cabinets, windows, woodwork, trim, floors, ceilings and surfaces that you do not want to get paint on”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike talked about the right paint for the right surface as he explained, “Kitchens and bathrooms should be painted with high gloss paint designed for these rooms.  Bathrooms have moisture, mold and mildew; kitchens are a source of cooking grease which coats walls in cooking areas.  Kitchen &amp; bath paint is mold resistant and durable.  The high gloss surface is easier to wash when cooking grease accumulates.  Read all labels before you begin to determine drying time and coverage areas.  Some paint will go further than others.  You want to be sure you have enough paint before you begin.  If you have to return to the store to have another gallon of paint custom mixed, not only is it a waste of your valuable time, there is a chance that the match will not be perfect.”  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike concluded, “I cannot stress advance preparation enough.  It will actually save you time in the long run when doing the job.  Yes, the preparation can take more time than actually applying the paint, but the results will be much more satisfying with proper surface preparation.  Also realize that paint drips and splatters; you don’t want to damage furniture and carpet while improving the walls and ceilings.  Another reason for preparation is to remove items that you can trip over.  Nothing is more devastating to a paint job than knocking over a full can of paint, dropping the can of paint when you trip over something or personal injury.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike Deluca is a paint and drywall contractor in the Metro Detroit area, serving Detroit and the entire Oakland County area.  He has been successful in business for over 15 years.  Mike will be happy to provide references from many of his satisfied customers.  Visit http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/ for more information on Mike Deluca and the services he provides.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe width="300" height="300" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=s_q&amp;amp;hl=&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=golden+touch+painting+contractor&amp;amp;aq=&amp;amp;sll=42.563449,-83.167319&amp;amp;sspn=0.007175,0.01929&amp;amp;gl=us&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=golden+touch+painting+contractor&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;ll=42.56348,-83.167319&amp;amp;spn=0.009483,0.012875&amp;amp;z=15&amp;amp;iwloc=A&amp;amp;output=embed"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;hl=&amp;amp;geocode=&amp;amp;q=golden+touch+painting+contractor&amp;amp;aq=&amp;amp;sll=42.563449,-83.167319&amp;amp;sspn=0.007175,0.01929&amp;amp;gl=us&amp;amp;ie=UTF8&amp;amp;hq=golden+touch+painting+contractor&amp;amp;hnear=&amp;amp;ll=42.56348,-83.167319&amp;amp;spn=0.009483,0.012875&amp;amp;z=15&amp;amp;iwloc=A" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left"&gt;View Larger Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-4662286534346582407?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/4662286534346582407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/4662286534346582407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2011/02/painting-contractors-in-michigan-248.html' title='Painting contractors in Michigan (248) 787-0963'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-156390212698353735</id><published>2009-01-10T19:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-16T20:10:23.331-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mark Maupin AKA Mr. Home Repair Interviewed Mike Deluca, a Michigan Painting and Drywall Contractor</title><content type='html'>The demand for remodeling work is low in today’s depressed economy; therefore, scam artists are out to hurt others while benefiting themselves&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Detroit, MI -- Mike Deluca Interior painting contractor and drywall installation expert from Troy, Michigan was recently interviewed by Mark Maupin, AKA Mr. Home Repair.   Mike has over 15 years experience in the paint and drywall trade, providing commercial, residential, and industrial service for all of Oakland County and the Metro Detroit area.&lt;br /&gt;                     &lt;br /&gt;Mike said “I feel blessed to go to work in a trade that I love; not many people are lucky enough to enjoy the work they do every day. I am passionate about providing quality paint and drywall services. Unfortunately there are a lot of poor drywall repairs out there. I have on many occasions had to replace drywall that a handyman tried to pass of as a quality repair or installation job. I have found houses that were painted the year before that looked like they where 15 year old paint jobs. When you’re looking to hire a contractor, remember ‘buyers beware’.  There are so many fly-by-night companies out there. Don’t be fooled by a slick talking salesman.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“So, how does one go about making sure they are hiring the right contractor to do the job?” asked Mark.  Mike responded, “There are 6 key points I tell everyone who is looking to hire a contractor.  They are:&lt;br /&gt;1. Use only licensed, insured contractors&lt;br /&gt;2. Use a reputable company; check with the better business bureau3. Ask for references; they should be more than happy to provide them&lt;br /&gt;4. Look at their previous work; a good contractor will be happy to show photos&lt;br /&gt;5. If your job involves demolition, use a company who is specialized to do this&lt;br /&gt;6. Get a written quote of exactly what will be done and the cost&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“A licensed contractor will be more than happy to provide all the above information.  He won’t be offended if you ask for it; in fact, he will probably volunteer it because he knows he is competing for your business.  A good contractor, especially one who does painting, drywall and remodeling jobs, will have before and after photos of his previous work.  If the job you need to have done requires demolition, be sure the person you hire is well qualified in this area; a lot of serious damage can be done when you start tearing out walls, especially load bearing walls.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mark was impressed with the amount of information Mike had to share.  “I have been in the brick repair business for 13 years; I’ve also witnessed the nightmares people have suffered from poor workmanship that cost them big bucks.”&lt;br /&gt;The interview concluded with a final comment from Mike, “There are plenty of good painting contractors and drywall installation companies in business.  Don’t let a con man or handyman taking on more than he can handle ruin your home remodeling experience.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you are looking for a good painting &amp;amp; drywall contractor in the Detroit Metro area, Mike Deluca will be happy to provide a free written estimate with references and photos of previous remodeling, painting and drywall work he has done.  Mark Maupin and Mike Deluca have a blog at &lt;a href="http://activerain.com/blogs/mrhomerepair"&gt;http://activerain.com/blogs/mrhomerepair&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;br /&gt;http://michiganchimneyrepair.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contact:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mike Deluca&lt;br /&gt;(248) 818-2590&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-156390212698353735?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/156390212698353735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/156390212698353735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2009/01/mark-maupin-aka-mr-home-repair.html' title='Mark Maupin AKA Mr. Home Repair Interviewed Mike Deluca, a Michigan Painting and Drywall Contractor'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-721783301614249252</id><published>2009-01-10T19:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-10T19:02:56.134-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Michigan Painting Contractor Warns about the Danger  Zone</title><content type='html'>Mark Maupin aka “Mr. Home Repair” Spoke With Golden Touch Painting A painting and drywall company from Detroit Mi.  Golden Touch are experts at commercial, &amp;amp; residential painting, We hope any information gained is beneficial to the homeowner or contractor please feel free to call  for a consultation on any paint project. 248-818-2590&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch tells  us that preparation is half the battle. They suggests that you get the tools and supplies you need in advance. Clear the room of all small furniture, cover things you can't or don't move. They said to remember that paint drips and the last thing you want is to replace your couch or other furniture from paint drips. They reminded us that paint can also splatter and to consider the danger zone to be at least 6 feet horizontally from the area you are painting.&lt;br /&gt;Golden Touch contractor Mike Deluca said  “Take the opportunity to smooth out your walls. Remove any unnecessary protrusions, like nails or old paint drips. Caulk areas around trim, doors and base board. Fill small holes with joint compound, spackle or wood putty. Sand the wall flat and remove bumps and ridges. Remove any hardware that you do not want to paint over, Door handles, cabinet handles, electrical outlet covers etc. For painting purposes, you can also use blue painters tape to cover anything you don’t want painted.”&lt;br /&gt;We were to that once every thing was covered we should clean and remove all of the dust that may be in the room. Dust can make paint bumpy and nasty. Being a Michigan painting company Golden Touch encounters a lot of mold and mildew. Mold or mildew can ofen be removed  with a mix of bleach and water (50% of each). Be sure wash again with plain water. Mike said “Some molds can be dangerous be sure to protect your self I recommend using a mask or filter.  Some primers and paints are mold and mildew-resistant, If the area you are painting has a lot of damage I recommend using on of these”.&lt;br /&gt;Mike Said “any surface being painted must be prepared. Your walls must be completely clean of dust bunnies, cobwebs, smoke residue and also completely dry. You should be able to wipe the wall down with a sponge without having anything come off. If there is existing paint which is chipping, it will need to be scraped off with either a putty knife or wire brush. If you have grease residue on the walls, it will hinder the application of paint. Use a household detergent or remove any residue”.&lt;br /&gt;Mike told us to read the label before starting, so we would know how long a coat of paint would take to dry. He said “Paint drips may cover the label once you begin painting. This will also help you know how long the job will take, so you can schedule appropriately. Apply your masking tape to the edges of areas that will not be painted (cabinets, windows, woodwork, floor, ceiling, etc.). Use Blue painters masking tape so you do not pull off any paint from the area you taped. Use no more than 2-foot strips of tape for accurate placement. Lay the tape down nice and straight. The edge you lay down with the tape is the edge you will get in paint. A small error may stand out at a later time. Smooth bubbles that could allow paint to seep under the tape. Using tape on you’re edges will help prevent small errors. It is almost impossible to avoid accidentally getting paint in the wrong place if you are not an exp. painter, and cleaning up smears can be a pain and make more of a mess”.Mike told us “Cover you working area with a drop cloth. Walk carefully on you drop cloth so as to avoid tracking paint drips on to other areas.  Keep your work are completely covered it will be more difficult if not impossible to clean up drips. Prevent tracking of paint into other rooms. Wipe your feet thoroughly before leaving the room you are painting or use additional drop cloths in other rooms. You are now ready to pain&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-721783301614249252?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/721783301614249252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/721783301614249252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2009/01/michigan-painting-contractor-warns.html' title='Michigan Painting Contractor Warns about the Danger  Zone'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-8174243192828338588</id><published>2009-01-10T19:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-10T19:01:40.855-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Michigan Painting Contractor</title><content type='html'>Detroit Painting Contractor&lt;br /&gt;You’re thinking of applying a fresh coat of paint to one or more rooms in your home.  Maybe you want to brighten things up, or just change the color or a new look.  How hard can it be to slap a coat of paint on the wall?  The answer; it’s not that difficult at all, but there is more to a quality paint job than just applying the paint.  Proper preparation is the key to a quality finish with results that look like you hired a professional to do the job. &lt;br /&gt;Begin by gathering the tools and supplies you need in advance.  Clear the room of all small furniture and cover the larger, more difficult to move items.  Paint drips; the last thing you want is to have to replace your couch or other furniture damaged by paint drips. Paint can also splatter; consider the danger zone to be at least 6 feet horizontally from the area you are painting.&lt;br /&gt;Take the opportunity to smooth out your walls. Remove any unnecessary protrusions, like nails or old paint drips. Caulk areas around trim, doors and base board. Fill small holes with joint compound, spackle or wood putty. Sand the wall flat and remove bumps and ridges.&lt;br /&gt;Remove any hardware that you do not want to paint over including door handles, cabinet handles, electrical outlet covers, etc. Use blue painters tape to cover anything you don’t want painted.&lt;br /&gt;Clean and remove all of the dust that may be in the room; you do not want it to get into your paint.  Dust can make paint bumpy and nasty. If there is mold or mildew present, you can remove it with a mixture of bleach and water (50% of each). Be sure rinse with plain water.  Some molds can be hazardous to your health; be sure to protect your self by using a mask or filter.  Some primers and paints are mold and mildew-resistant; if the area you are painting has a lot of damage I recommend using this type of product.&lt;br /&gt;All surfaces being painted must be adequately prepared. Your walls must be completely clean and free of dust bunnies, cobwebs, smoke residue and then allowed to dry completely.  You should be able to wipe the wall down with a sponge without having anything come off.  If there is existing paint which is chipping, it will need to be scraped off with either a putty knife or wire brush. If you have grease residue on the walls, it will hinder the application of paint. Use a household detergent to remove any residue.&lt;br /&gt;Read the label before you begin, so you know how long a coat of paint will take to dry and how much area a gallon will cover.  Paint drips may cover the label once you begin painting.  This way, you will know how much paint to purchase and how long the job will take, so you can schedule your time appropriately.&lt;br /&gt;Apply your masking tape to the edges of areas that will not be painted (cabinets, windows, woodwork, floor, ceiling, etc.). I recommend blue painters masking tape so you do not damage the surface when removing the tape. Use no more than 2-foot strips of tape for accurate placement. Lay the tape down nice and straight. A small error will stand out, resulting in a crooked paint line.  Smooth out air bubbles that could allow paint to seep under the tape.  Even experienced painters will take the time to mask areas where they do not want to paint.  It’s well worth your time to mask the area rather than wasting time cleaning up mistakes later.  Some surfaces can be easily damaged if you have to clean up paint smears from them. &lt;br /&gt;Cover your working area with a drop cloth. Walk carefully on the drop cloth to avoid tracking paint drips to other areas.  Keep your work area completely covered because it will be more difficult if not impossible to clean up drips and splatters.  Avoid tracking paint into other rooms. Wipe your feet thoroughly before leaving the room you are painting or use additional drop cloths in other rooms. You are now ready to paint.&lt;br /&gt;Preparation is very important.  Though it often takes more time to prepare than it does to apply the paint, preparation is a major part of the job.  How would you feel if previous stains were to bleed through on your freshly painted room a few days later?  It would be a shame if your new carpet, coffee table or furniture were covered in paint flecks from dripping and spattering paint.  What a shame it would be if you were to damage the veneer finish on your cabinets when scraping paint smears that could have been avoided with painter’s tape.  The time it takes to properly prepare the room and the surface to be painted is far less than the years of disappointment every time your eye is drawn to the flaws caused when you cut corners.&lt;br /&gt;This article was written by Mark Maupin, aka Mr. Home Repair 248-818-2590.  Mark has been in the home remodeling business specializing in paint, drywall and brick repair for over 13 years.  Mr. Home Repair services all of South East Michigan, the Metro Detroit area in Wayne and Oakland County.  He is happy to answer questions and provide free written estimates.  For more home remodeling tips, read Mark’s blog at &lt;a href="http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-8174243192828338588?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/8174243192828338588'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/8174243192828338588'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2009/01/michigan-painting-contractor.html' title='Michigan Painting Contractor'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-6376471329501577292</id><published>2009-01-07T21:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-01-07T21:01:45.804-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mcihigan painting contractor seeks to help detroit</title><content type='html'>Mark and Mike Run a small painting and drywall repair company in Oakland county Mi. they has been in the home repair and restoration industry for over 10 years. Having had a rough couple of years staying busy with work  in Michigan’s rough economy, when their business finally shifted for the better this year they looked to give give back to the community around them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I spoke with Mike Deluca He told me he was looking to give back to the community that had kept them working through his own hard times.  Mike is one of those truly honest contractors, that just wants to give back to the community. Mike and  Mark have been working for the last several years in Michigan’s poor economy and get excited about giving back.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mark Said “This was a rough year for me. I know that a lot of Michigan contractors have been struggling to keep there heads above water.  The Michigan economy is not the same as it was just a few years ago.  I feel blessed to have a roof over my head and be able to work in this rough economy. I had a couple of rough month’s this year and was blessed to have a few local church’s help me through it. So I just feel it would only be right to give back.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Mike and Mark are looking to find a church or charity to provide his services to free of charge. they said “ We Will provide the labor if they provide the material. We have an opening in our calendar until Jan 15th and if we can find someone to help during that time it would be a great way to ring in the New Year”. We hope any information gained is beneficial please feel free to call Mark or Mike for a consultation on any paint project. (248) 818- 2590 or go to &lt;a href="http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/"&gt;http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-6376471329501577292?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/6376471329501577292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/6376471329501577292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2009/01/mcihigan-painting-contractor-seeks-to.html' title='Mcihigan painting contractor seeks to help detroit'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8622682112045246608.post-7044131724240713053</id><published>2008-12-09T17:15:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-16T20:12:34.622-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Michigan Painting</title><content type='html'>Mr. Home Repair (248) 818-2590 Painters, and Drywall&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are a Painting and drywall company in Mi. We have been in the home repair and restoration industry for over 10 years. We are happy to provide the following services. Interior Painting, Exterior Painting, Drywall Repair, Drywall Finishing, Faux Finishes, Basement Finishing, Drywall Installation, Finish Carpentry, Drywall Hanging, epoxy floor coating, Fire and Water Damage Repair, Demotion, Carpentry. Caulking, Door installation. We look forward to being your Drywall and Painting Contractor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are happy to serve the following communities in Michigan.  Oakland County, Addison, AuburnHills, Berkley, Beverly Hills, Bingham Farms, Birmingham, Bloomfield Hills, Bloomfield, Brandon, Clarkston, Clawson,  Commerce Township, Farmington Hills, Ferndale, Franklin, Groveland, Hazel Park, Highland, Holly, Huntington Woods, Independence, Keego Harbor, Lake Angelus, Lake Orion, Lathrup Village, Leonard, Lyon, Madison Heights, Milford, Northville, Novi, Oak Park, Oakland, Orchard Lake, Orion, Ortonville, Oxford, Pleasant, Ridge, Pontiac, Rochester Hills, Rochester, Rose, Royal Oak, South Lyon, Southfield, Springfield, Sylvan Lake, Troy, Walled Lake, Waterford, West Bloomfield, White Lake, Wixom, Wolverine Lake. Wayne County,&lt;br /&gt;Allen Park, Belleville, Brownstown, Canton, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Detroit, Ecorse, Flat rock, Garden City, Gibralter,  Grosse Ile, Grosse Pointe, Grosse Pointe Shores, Grosse Pointe woods, Hamtramck, Harper Woods, Highland park, Huron, Inkster, Lincoln Park, Livonia, Melvindale, Plymouth, Redford, River Rouge, Riverview, Rockwood, Romulus, Southgate, Taylor, Sumpter, Trenton, Van Buren, Woodhaven, Warren, Warran, Wyandotte, Sterling Hieghts.&lt;br /&gt;For fireplace and chimney information visit Http://Michiganchimnetrepair/com&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8622682112045246608-7044131724240713053?l=michiganpainting.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/7044131724240713053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8622682112045246608/posts/default/7044131724240713053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://michiganpainting.blogspot.com/2008/12/michigan-painting.html' title='Michigan Painting'/><author><name>Mr. Brick Repair</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18377400365144471052</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_K4VTJ0KxYgo/ST1jGedMz2I/AAAAAAAAAAM/s3lPy6Hj8Vs/S220/DSCF2196.JPG'/></author></entry></feed>
